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Z problemów socjologii literatury

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EN
At the beginning of The Man and the Sacred (1939) Roger Caillois affirmed that “every religious conception of the universe implies that there is a distinction between the sacred and the profane”. Caillois discussed the theme of the sacred throughout his life, in several essays, articles and lectures. In 1961, Caillois wrote Pontius Pilate, a brief novel in which he explored the dilemma of the governor of Judea. For the first time, Caillois changed genre. The author escaped the theme of the sacred by way of the novel. The purpose of this paper is to show how the theme of the sacred leads to a comparison between the thought of Caillois, the theories of the College of Sociology, and the theme of The Scapegoat by René Girard.
EN
Founded by Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois and Michel Leiris, and conceived as a reaction of leftist Paris intellectuals against fascism, the College of Sociology is an interesting example of the mixture of different types of post-secular thought — a-theological (Bataille), community (Caillois), intimate (Leiris) — imagined as a remedy against the mythical forces handled with brio by the European rights of the 1930s. Already analyzed on the political and discursive level, the College also lends itself to an anthropological analysis in which the post-secular aspect finds a basis in the conception of the “new man,” and proves useful in the interpretation of contemporary post-secularism.
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Podwójne życie tłumacza

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SI
Nacin delovanja (poljskih) prevajalcev juznoslovanskih literatur v druzbenem polju je v prispevku obravnavan kot primer „multiplicirane druzbene ude- lezbe” (B. Lahire), saj prevajalci najpogosteje vzporedno funkcionirajo v t. i. primarnem (poklicnem) polju, ki je povezano z njihovo zaposlitvijo, ter v literarnem polju/preva- jalskem subpolju. Udelezba v slednjem je bolj odgovor na notranji imperativ, na globljo potrebo po ustvarjanju/prevajanju, in pogosto ni pogojena s pridobivanjem financnih/ma- terialnih koristi. Gre za primer udelezbe v „igri”, ki je neposredno povezana z illusio (P. Bourdieu), torej s smislom, ki ga posameznik vidi v prevajanju literature. Razlago pojma „igra” kot enega osnovnih gonil za dosego pomembnih kulturnih dosezkov avtorica navaja za j. Huizingo in R. caillois ter jo uporablja za opis polozaja literarnih prevajalcev. Ti so udelezeni v „prevajalski igri”, ki jo dojemajo kot drazljaj kulturnega, intelektualnega in moralnega razvoja v individualni in druzbeni razseznosti. Obenem verjamejo v po- membno vlogo medkulturne komunikacije, kar je njihova glavna motivacija za prevajanje (zlasti v primeru t. i. manjśih literatur).
EN
The manner of functioning of South Slavic literature (Polish) translators in the social field is presented in the article as a case of “multiplied social participation” (B. Lahire), because they usually participate collaterally in the so-called primary (profes¬sional) field, which is related to their paid work and also in the literary field / translation subfield. Participation in it is rather a response to an internal imperative, a profound need to create / translate, and is basically not conditioned by financial / material bene- fits. It is a case of participation in the “game” which has a direct connection with illusio (P. Bourdieu), that is, with a sense of meaning they see in the translation of literature. Understanding the notion of “game”, as one of the main drivers of the highest cultural achievements, the author quotes J. Huizinga and R. Caillois, using them to describe the situation of translators. Translators, taking part in the “game of translation”, treat it as an incentive for cultural, intellectual and moral development in the individual and social dimension. They believe in the value of intercultural communication, which is the main motivation of translations (especially in the case of so-called smaller literatures). Here you may also use the term of peripheral literature.
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Grzeszna głusza

71%
PL
Artykuł jest próbą opisu i interpretacji obrazów erotyzmu w Dolinie Issy Czesława Miłosza. Rozważania autora skupiają się wokół sceny kazirodczej relacji zaprezentowanej na marginesie powieści. Mimo że krótki i odseparowany od głównego wątku narracji, epizod incestu ściśle łączy się z innymi obrazami seksu występującymi w utworze i poszerza ich znaczenie. Złamanie erotycznego tabu łączy się u Miłosza z nostalgią za mityczną epoką nieskrępowanej egzystencji w otoczeniu pierwotnej natury. Korzystając z refleksji Rogera Cailloisa, Georgesa Bataille’a i Antonina Artauda, autor poszukuje powodów, dla których kazirodztwo jest traktowane przez wielu pisarzy z zaskakującą estymą i umieszczane w teatralnych sceneriach właściwych baśni: na bezludnej wyspie lub w prastarej kniei.
EN
The essay is an attempt to describe and interpret the images of eroticism in The Issa Valley by Czesław Miłosz. Article revolves around the scene of incestual affair presented in the margins of the narration. Though short and isolated, the episode of endogemic love is strictly connected with other sexual acts mentioned in the novel. Undertaking of one of the most prohibited act among the sexual taboos is combined with the nostalgia for the era of unfettered live in the natural environment of the old-growth forest. Using the reflections of Roger Caillois, George Bataille and Antonin Artaud the author is explaining why the incestual affair is regarded with suprising level of kindness and why is it so often placed in the theatrical sceneries such as remote island or late seral wilderness specific.
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