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Działalność legati iuridici w rzymskiej Brytanii

100%
Korporowicz Ł. J.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
vol. LXXXII (82)
69-80
EN
The legati iuridici were magistrates, which were not often nominated. Emperors used to nominate them only in few provinces e.g. Britain. The sources that survived till modern times certify the names of only five British legati iuridici. First two of them were distinguished lawyers – an advocate Gaius Salvius Liberalis and jurist Lucius Iavolenus Priscus. Three remaining legates were simple clerks without any unusual legal skills. The only aim of the legati iuridici activity was to help the governors in their judicial duties. Despite this, they were subordinate directly to the emperors. They served both in civil and criminal cases. There are only two certain evidences of their judicial activity in Britain. The first one is D. 36.1.48. In that passage Iavolenus Priscus described a court hearing concerning an inheritance law. Another case is preserved in D. 49.15.6. It concerns a financial liability of the state’s treasure. In 1986 British archaeologists found a wooden tablet in London containing a record of plaintiff’s testimony. It is possible that the testimony was given in court presided by the anonymous legati iuridici.
2
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Mars Braciaca (RIB 278) at Haddon Hall, Derbyshire

88%
Breeze A.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
|
2022
|
vol. 1
103-111
EN
Braciaca, on an altar to Mars at Haddon Hall (near Bakewell, in the north Midlands of England), has been related to Welsh brag 'malt' and explained as 'he of (divine) intoxication'. Yet this is hard to see, and a new explanation from Welsh bragad 'army, host; battle' seems preferable. It ts the God of War better than 'malt' does (a product more apt for Bacchus than Mars). If so, Braciaca 'of the hosts' will be one of many terms from Roman Britain that Welsh (and related languages) can explain. To show this, we rst consider Celtic attitudes to Mars, and then go on to brag and its cognates.
3

Cirencester’s Ancient Name: Corinium or Carinium?

63%
Breeze A. C.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2019
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vol. 67
|
issue 11: Anglica
7-16
EN
Cirencester, some fifty kilometres west of Oxford, is an English town on the site of a Roman city. Even though its original name (after Ptolemy in the second century CE) was supposedly Corinium, giving the Ciren- of Cirencester, this has never had a satisfying etymology. However, Welsh câr ‘friend’ or Irish cara ‘friend’ may now permit emendation of Corinium to Carinium ‘place of Carinos,’ a personal form known elsewhere. It means ‘little beloved one, little friend’ and is compatible with development to Ciren-. If so, the mystery surrounding Cirencester, capital of the Dobunni, will be solved. The first Carinium would be the nearby Iron Age citadel of Bagendon Dykes. When the Romans occupied the area, they founded a city five kilometres away, transferring local people to it and applying the name of the old settlement to the new one, as elsewhere in Britain (Colchester, St Albans, Wroxeter). Modern Cirencester will thus (it seems) be called after Carinus or Carinos, an otherwise unknown Briton who occupied land at Bagendon some two millennia ago.
PL
Cirencester, leżące około pięćdziesięciu kilometrów ma zachód od Oksfordu, jest angielską miejscowością w miejscu rzymskiego miasta. I chociaż jego pierwotną nazwą było ponoć Corinium (stąd Ciren- w Cirencester), nie było to nigdy satysfakcjonującą etymologią. Walijskie câr i irlandzkie cara (‘przyjaciel’) pozwala na korektę Corinium do Carinium (‘miejsce Carinosa’), oznaczającego ‘miejsce umiłowanego małego przyjaciela’ i spójnego w rozwoju z Ciren-. Tajemnica otaczająca Cirencester, stolicę Dobunni, wydaje się zatem rozwiązana. Za pierwsze Carinium uznać można pobliską cytadelę Bagendon Dykes. Kiedy Rzymianie okupowali ten rejon, założyli pięć kilometrów dalej miasto, przenosząc tam lokalną ludność i zachowując nazwę starej osady (jak miało to miejsce w innych częściach Brytanii, takich jak Colchester, St Albans, Wroxeter). Wydaje się więc, że nazwę swą współczesne Cirencester zawdzięcza Carinusowi albo Carinosowi, nieznanemu Brytonowi, który okupował Bagedon około dwóch tysięcy lat temu.
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