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1

Roman Coins Discovered in China and Their Research

100%

Li Q.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 1-2

279-299

EN

According to archaeological reports and other evidence, it is known that more than 100 Roman coins from the Eastern Roman Empire have been discovered along the Silk Route on the Chinese mainland. This discovery, combined with the rich ancient Chinese sources on foreign matters, demonstrates that active communications between the Eastern Roman Empire and ancient China ﬂourished along the Silk Route. This paper will concentrate on three aspects, supplying general information concerning the Roman coins discovered in China, summarizing current research on the main issues raised by them, and supplying the latest bibliography. It is hoped that this research will attract more international scholars of numismatics and Roman history to pay special attention to the discovery in China.

2

The Role of Imperial Women in the Monetary Distributions (Liberalitas) in Rome in the Light of Numismatic Sources

88%

Balbuza K.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2019

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vol. 37

5-24

EN

Liberalitas was one of the most important forms of social activities of the Roman emperors. In quantitative terms, it is also one of the five most important imperial virtues. It appeared on coins as Liberalitas Augusti, which gave this virtue an additional, divine dimension. The first Empress to depict the idea of imperial generosity on the coins issued on her behalf was Julia Domna. In this respect, her liberalitas coins mark a breakthrough in the exposition of this imperial virtue. The well-known female liberalitas coin issues, or imperial issues with empresses’ portraits, date back to the third century and clearly articulate the liberalitas, both iconographically and literally, through the legend on the reverse of the coin. Other coins, issued on behalf of the emperors (mainly medallions), accentuate in some cases (Julia Mamaea, Salonina) the personal and active participation of women from the imperial house in congiarium-type activities. The issues discussed and analysed, which appeared on behalf of the emperors or the imperial women – with a clear emphasis on the role of women – undoubtedly demonstrate the feminine support for the emperor’s social policy towards the people of Rome, including the various social undertakings of incumbent emperors, to whom they were related. They prove their active involvement and support for the image of the princeps created by the emperors through the propaganda of virtues (such as liberalitas). The dynastic policy of the emperors, in which the empresses played a key role, was also of considerable importance.

3

Aeneas anchisiades i pii fratres. Kilka uwag o kształtowaniu się wizerunku Eneasza w mennictwie rzymskim

75%

Kluczek A. A.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2017

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issue 15

53-76

EN

The article discusses certain aspects of representations of Aeneas in Roman coinage, focusing in particular on the declining period of the Republic and Augustus’ principate. At the time, Aeneas; father, Anchises, would be depicted on the coins as the sole companion of the former. Although later the figure of the parent carried on a shoulder served as an attribute denoting the Trojan hero depicted on the reverses, the early minted representations of Aeneas were not as unambiguous in that respect. This was due to the fact that portrayals of Aeneas did resemble the manner in which the Catanian Brothers were represented, with both serving potentially as allegories of pietas.

4

New data regarding the question of interregional contacts in the Iron Age. Results of a surface survey in Czechy, Kraków district

75%

Dulęba P., Wysocki P.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2016

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vol. 68

301-325

EN

Surface surveys on a newly, accidentally discovered site in Czechy, Kraków district, yielded a large series of finds associated with the Przeworsk culture settlement. Its chronology ranged from the younger Pre-Roman Iron Age all the way to the early Migration Period. The detailed surface survey revealed numerous imports from the Celtic and Dacian settlement zones, as well as items of a provincial Roman origin. The finds presented in the paper indicate that the most intensive contacts with areas south of the Carpathians might be dated to the final stage of the La Tène period and the turn of the early and late Roman Iron Age.

5

Odczytać obraz, interpretować świat, czyli rozszyfrować treści rzymskich numizmatów

75%

Kluczek A. A.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 3: Filologia klasyczna

111-125

EN

The article constitutes a brief commentary on the value of Roman coins and medallions as sources of historical cognition. Discussion about the question of the cognitive appeal of ancient Roman coins has a long history of its own. In a somehow a priori manner the author sides with the supporters of the considerable significance of Roman coins and medallions in historical research. In this context, she focuses on the message of numismatic sources contained in inscriptions, and especially in the iconography of the obverse and reverse sides of coins and medallions. These representations constitute an inexhaustible source of information for analyses of spheres of Roman history which are distinct from the traditional concept of the political history of the empire. Moreover, a number of ways and methods of interpretation of numismatic material are indicated. These include the following: descriptive analyses, numismatic studies sensu stricto, stylistic analyses, historical studies, ideological studies. The first three procedures remain to be the fundamental means of the cognition of the sense of a numismatic representation, and in many cases they constitute necessary conditions for the transition to in-depth historical or ideological studies in this subject.

PL

Artykuł jest krótkim komentarzem do wartości monet i medalionów rzymskich jako źródła poznania historycznego. Dyskusja nad kwestią atrakcyjności poznawczej numizmatów rzymskich ma swą już długą historię. Autor niejako apriorycznie opowiada się po stronie zwolenników dużego znaczenia monet i medalionów rzymskich w badaniach historycznych. Koncentruje się przy tym na przekazie źródeł numizmatycznych zawartym w inskrypcjach, a zwłaszcza w ikonografii awersów i rewersów monet oraz medalionów. Wyobrażenia te stanowią nieprzebrane bogactwo do analiz innych sfer historii rzymskiej niż tradycyjnie pojmowane dzieje polityczne imperium. Wskazano także kilka sposobów i metod interpretowania materiału numizmatycznego. Są to: analizy deskryptywne, studia stricte numizmatyczne, analizy stylistyczne, studia historyczne, studia ideologiczne. Trzy pierwsze procedury pozostają podstawowym stopniem poznania sensu wyobrażenia monetarnego, a nawet często są niezbędnym warunkiem przejścia do pogłębionych nad nim studiów historycznych czy ideologicznych.

6

Faces of Aeneas. Representations on Roman Coins and Medallions

75%

Kluczek A. A.

Studia Ceranea

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2016

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vol. 6

295-321

EN

On the basis of numismatic material I present aspects of the figure of Aeneas as they appear in ancient tradition. I have concentrated on the iconographic details and the arrangement of the reverse scenes which allow one to isolate the elements of Aeneas’s portrait in the coinage that are closely associated with his role as the one who, by carrying over the sacra to Italy, made way for the foundation and continuation of Rome.

7

O wieloznaczności monet typu DEAE SEGETIAE albo Segetia versus Segeta

65%

Kluczek A. A.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

9-36

EN

The paper offers interpretations of the content of aurei and antoniniani of the DEAE SEGETIAE type, minted for Salonina Augusta, wife of emperor Gallienus (253–268). Apart from that instance, the name Segetia never appeared again in imperial coinage. Meanwhile, the effigy of the goddess on those coins displays traits found in the representations of other deities.

8

Roman coin finds from vicinity of Ostrów Lednicki. Lednica Project “Together to Save the Heritage” (2018-2022)

63%

Balbuza K.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2021

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issue 4 (31)

11-29

EN

The article presents finds of Roman coins from the area located in the immediate vicinity of Ostrów Lednicki island, found in the years 2018-2021.

9

The Common People and Material Relics of Antiquity the Afterlife of Ancient Coins in the Territory of Present-Day Poland in the Medieval and Modern Periods

63%

Bogucki M., Dymowski A., Śnieżko G.

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

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2017

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vol. 21

275-297

EN

Ancient coinage, almost exclusively Roman denarii from the 1st or 2nd century AD, constitutes a small percentage of hoards and other assemblages dated (with the latest coins present) to either the Middle Ages or to the modern period in the territory of present-day Poland. Such finds can be seen as strongly indicating that ancient coinage did function as means of payment at that time. This hypothesis is further supported by written sources. Moreover, ancient coins have also been recorded at other sites in medieval and modern period contexts e.g. in burial sites, which are less easy to interpret than hoards. Finds often include pierced coins and others showing suspension loops, which suggests they may have been used as amulets, jewellery or devotional medals. Other finds, such as Roman coins placed in alms boxes in modern period churches in Silesia, also point to a religious context. At the same time, written sources attest that at least since the Late Middle Ages, Roman denarii were known to common people as ‘St John’s pennies’. The name is associated with a Christian interpretation of the image of the emperor’s head on the coin, resembling that of John the Baptist on a silver platter.

10

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)

51%

Dymowski A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 2(186)

195-208

EN

The number of new, amateur finds of Roman coins have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Researchers generally agree that coins from amateur finds are fully legitimate numismatic sources. It is estimated that non-archaeologists made no less than 90% of old discoveries of Roman coins from the area of central Barbaricum. This is also true for the beginning of the 21st century. The disadvantage of this situation lies in the fact that the lack of information about the context of most of the amateur finds significantly decrease their source value for archaeology. However, the mass representation of the material is a big advantage. In order to obtain more data on new discoveries from Poland, it was necessary to develop a project that would allow for collecting anonymous information about finds of Roman coins. The scheme of action was thus based on two kinds of activities. One of them involved searching information about the new discoveries of coins on the Internet and then expanding and verifying these data. The other involved propagating the project of recording finds as wide as it was possible in order to encourage finders to pass as much information about their discoveries as possible. During the realisation of the project, from May 2004 to November 2007, the number of 518 pieces of anonymous information had been gathered. This material comprised of 1,028 Roman coins from 448 finds. Among the newly reported finds, there were: 11 treasures and 437 small finds (113 group finds and 324 single finds). Basing on the collected data, we may assume that single finds of Roman coins are relatively rare in Poland, which can mean that they usually appear in a broader archaeological context. Unfortunately, in most cases we have no information about the context whatsoever. Some interesting observations on the collected material are worth mentioning here: • Republican denarii quite frequently occurred in small finds; • Denarii subaeratii also occurred quite frequently; we may assume that no less than 10 percent of all small finds of Roman denarii in Poland were in fact denarii subaeratii; • Three hoards similar to Drzewicz hoard were discovered in the basin of Bzura river, which may suggest that there were “Drzewicz type” hoards in that area; • The example of four hoards found in the Polish Jura suggests that hoards deposited on this territory in the Migration Period often contained a number of denarii and jewelry, including gold coins adapted for pendants. General methods of critical approach to such new material are still being developed, since information regarding the coins and the circumstances of their discovery happened sometimes to be, no matter if intentionally or not, false or distorted. Registration activities were continued in 2008 which resulted in capturing two important single finds: a siliqua of Constantius II discovered in a field in the village Prusice (commune Złotoryja) and a solidus of Arcadius found in a field in Rotmanka in the suburbs of Gdansk (6 figures, 2 tables).

11

“Von einigen in Preussen gefundenen römischen Münzen” — Ludwig von Baczko in the “Das preussische Tempe” (Königsberg 1780). A “wonderful” discovery of a work long considered lost

51%

Ciołek R., Ciołek R.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2019

12

Monetary Circulation in Moesia. The Case of the Coin Finds from Novae (Bulgaria)

51%

Ciołek R.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2022

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vol. 66

51-84

PL

Artykuł dotyczy znalezisk monet rzymskich dokonanych podczas wykopalisk w Novae (Bułgaria) przez Ośrodek Badań nad Antykiem Europy Południowo-Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Novae jest rzymskim obozem legionowym w prowincji Mezja, kojarzonym głównie z Legionem I Italica. Obóz został jednak zbudowany przez Legion VIII Augusta. W artykule dokonano analizy znalezisk monet z 60 lat wykopalisk na tym stanowisku archeologicznym, pochodzących z terenu tzw. sektora IV oraz sektora XII. Teren sektora IV jest kojarzony głównie ze szpitalem wojskowym (valetudinarium) Legionu I, zaś sektor XII określany jest mianem baraków kohort Legionu VIII. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie schematu obiegu monet rzymskich na terenach obozów legionowych nad dolnym Dunajem.

EN

This article discusses finds of Roman coins made during excavations in Novae (Bulgaria), by the University of Warsaw’s Research Center on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe. Novae is a Roman legionary camp in the province of Moesia, associated mainly with the Legion I Italica. However, the camp was built by the Legion VIII August. The article analyzes the coin finds from 60 years of excavations at this archaeological site, coming from the area of the so-called sector IV and sector XII. Sector IV is mainly the Legion I military hospital (valetudinarium), while Sector XII is referred to as the Legion VIII cohort barracks area. The aim of the article is to present a model of the circulation of Roman coins in the areas of legionary camps on the lower Danube.

13

Is the So-called the Abritus Horizon Clear in the Finds of Silver Roman Coins from the Mid-Third Century from Poland?

51%

Dymowski A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2021

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vol. 65

1-13

PL

Na terenach zajmowanych w okresie rzymskim przez kultury archeologiczne czerniachowską i wielbarską, w tym na obszarach wschodniej i północnej Polski, występują stosunkowo liczne znaleziska rzymskich aureusów Decjusza (249–251) i jego bezpośrednich poprzedników na cesarskim tronie. Monety te interpretowane są jako część skarbca cesarskiego zagrabionego przez barbarzyńców (Gotów) po wygranej przez nich bitwie pod Abritus w 251 r. Na tych samych obszarach można wyróżnić horyzont znalezisk srebrnych monet rzymskich, denarów i antoninianów, których co prawda nie da się wprost połączyć z bitwą pod Abritus, ale nieco szerzej, z rajdami gockimi na rzymskie prowincje we wczesnych latach 50. III w., których spektakularną kulminacją była właśnie bitwa pod Abritus. Horyzont ten nie jest czytelny w znaleziskach z Polski południowej, środkowej i zachodniej, zajmowanych w okresie rzymskim przez kultury przeworską i luboszycką, nie wiązane z Gotami.

EN

In the areas occupied by the Cherniakhiv and Wielbark archaeological cultures during the Roman period, including the areas of eastern and northern Poland, there are relatively numerous finds of Roman aurei of Trajan Decius (249–251) and his direct predecessors on the imperial throne. These coins are interpreted as part of the imperial treasury looted by the barbarians (Goths) after they won the Battle of Abritus in 251. In the same areas one can distinguish a horizon of finds of silver Roman coins, denarii and antoniniani, which cannot be directly linked to the Battle of Abritus, but more broadly, with the Goth raids on the Roman provinces in the early 250s, the spectacular culmination of which was the Battle of Abritus. This horizon is not clear in finds from southern, central and western Poland, occupied in the Roman period by the Przeworsk and Luboszyce cultures, not related to the Goths.

14

Najnowsze znaleziska monet rzymskich z prawobrzeżnego Mazowsza i Podlasia

23%

Dymowski A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 1(185)

70-91

EN

139 Roman coins from 84 new finds have been registered in east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia and Podlasie. All of the coins had been found by private persons in the past few years. Description of the major part of the objects have been based on photographs (7 plates).

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Roman Coins Discovered in China and Their Research

The Role of Imperial Women in the Monetary Distributions (Liberalitas) in Rome in the Light of Numismatic Sources

Aeneas anchisiades i pii fratres. Kilka uwag o kształtowaniu się wizerunku Eneasza w mennictwie rzymskim

New data regarding the question of interregional contacts in the Iron Age. Results of a surface survey in Czechy, Kraków district

Odczytać obraz, interpretować świat, czyli rozszyfrować treści rzymskich numizmatów

Faces of Aeneas. Representations on Roman Coins and Medallions

O wieloznaczności monet typu DEAE SEGETIAE albo Segetia versus Segeta

Roman coin finds from vicinity of Ostrów Lednicki. Lednica Project “Together to Save the Heritage” (2018-2022)

The Common People and Material Relics of Antiquity the Afterlife of Ancient Coins in the Territory of Present-Day Poland in the Medieval and Modern Periods

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)

“Von einigen in Preussen gefundenen römischen Münzen” — Ludwig von Baczko in the “Das preussische Tempe” (Königsberg 1780). A “wonderful” discovery of a work long considered lost

Monetary Circulation in Moesia. The Case of the Coin Finds from Novae (Bulgaria)

Is the So-called the Abritus Horizon Clear in the Finds of Silver Roman Coins from the Mid-Third Century from Poland?

Najnowsze znaleziska monet rzymskich z prawobrzeżnego Mazowsza i Podlasia