Paul Celan's poetic oeuvre is strongly influenced by intercultural and intertextual inspirations, and it engages in a constant dialogue with many European literatures and cultures. The early phase of his poetic work demonstrates a close connection with the intellectual life of Romania. Important prerequisites for this were his attendance at the Romanian Lyceum in Chernivtsi, where he acquired an excellent command of the Romanian language, his stay of more than two years in the Romanian metropolis of Bucharest in the first post-war years, his work as a collaborator at the Romanian Publishing House for Russian literature "Cartea Rusă", in which he proofread not only foreign translations, but also some important works of Russian literature (M. Lermontov’s novel "A Hero of Our Time", A. Chekhov’s collection of short stories "The Peasants" and others). He translated into Romanian his writings on his relations with leading representatives of Romanian literature (A. Philippide, T. Arghezi, L. Blaga, M. Banuș, I. Caraion, Nina Cassian, Petre Solomon), especially with the circle of Romanian surrealists ("amis poètes"), which he later reminisced about nostalgically ("Cette belle season des calembours"). For a while, the poet found himself at a "linguistic crossroads" after he wrote several poems and short fiction texts in Romanian and translated some fragments of F. Kafka into Romanian for his friends. In Bucharest he completed and published his "Death Fugue" for the first time under the pseudonym "Paul Celan", in the Romanian interpretation of his friend Petre Solomon (under the title "Tangoul morții"). In his German-language poems there are several borrowings of Romanian themes, motifs and poetic forms, reminiscences of and allusions to Romanian realities, rituals and customs. The intellectual world of Romania left its imprint on Celan's work and enriched it noticeably.
This article represents the first discussion in Polish of the writing of Sorana Gurian (1913–1956), a Jewish writer from Bessarabia who wrote in French and Romanian. In the light of the latest feminist reflection, her writing emerges as subversive (appealing to the strategy of mimicry) and emblematic of 20th century European literature, as it addresses such topics as the status of women as society modernized, the position of woman artists in a masculinist society and of artists from the periphery who tend towards the centre, the representation of corporality (diseases, sexuality, etc.) and the confusion between reality and fiction in literary text.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi pierwsze w języku polskim omówienie twórczości Sorany Gurian (1913–1956), żydowskiej pisarki pochodzącej z Besarabii i tworzącej w językach francuskim i rumuńskim. W świetle najnowszej refleksji feministycznej wyłania się pisarstwo subwersywne (odwołujące się do strategii mimikry) i emblematyczne dla literatury europejskiej XX wieku, porusza bowiem takie tematy jak: sytuacja kobiet w modernizującym się społeczeństwie, status artystek w obrębie tradycjonalistycznej i maskulinistycznej kultury, pozycja pisarza peryferyjnego, który usilnie dąży w stronę centrum, przedstawienie chorób i seksualności czy też przemieszanie tego co realne i fikcyjne w tekście literackim.
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