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EN
The article is devoted to the journalistic heritage of one of the most prominent representatives of the Ukrainian community in the South of Ukraine, who is rightly considered a lawyer, translator, bibliographer, compiler of dictionaries, and public figure Mykhailo Fedorovych Komarov (1844–1913). He was the author of over sixty articles in the literary-critical, socio-political, and biographical context. In his works he often reported on his own experience in a particular case. And in these personal comments or recollections elements of memories of the figure are shown. The purpose of this article is to find out what personal memories the Odesa figure contained in his articles, the objective is to identify memories, determine their thematic direction and value. During the research, it was found out that M. Komarov’s journalism mainly concerned the issue of the arbitrariness of the Russian government in relation to Ukrainian culture and book publishing. His testimony, given the small amount of literature published in the late nineteenth century, is important in many political and bibliographic contexts. The coverage of theatrical life, which the activist joined as a spectator and bibliographer, was of popularizing importance, although it also contains some new facts, for example, regarding the desire of the Ukrainian Coryphaeuses Theatre to tour abroad. Among the new facts that reveal articles about the activities of M. Komarov himself: his pedagogical experience and his books were banned by censorship. Various recollections of biographical stories, both in the context of Taras Shevchenko and other figures, convey both the perception of these personalities at the turn of the century and add new evidence of them.
EN
The periodical Maryawita was published in the years 1903-1907. The periodical changed its name to “Jutrzenka” in 1906. The change was prompted by the need to separate the periodical from “Mariavites” - a religious faction which was disapproved by Pope Pius X. The Reverend Father Wincenty Bogacki was the editor and publisher of the periodical. He built a nationwide team of authors. The 50th anniversary of the proclamation of the dogma of the immaculate conception of Blessed Virgin Mary was the ultimate reason for the publication of the periodical. In 1906 “Jutrzenka” was published with two supplements “Czytelnia Niedzielna” [Sunday Reading Room] and “Tygodnik Diecezjalny” [Diocesan Weekly]. In the early years the periodical took up the topics of the Marian cult and the worship of the Blessed Sacrament. After the transformation of the year 1905, the periodical modified its publication scope and added social, political and national issues to its content. Members of the clergy, gentry and intelligentsia were the original readers of the periodical’s articles. After the addition of the subject of social issues the number of secular readers increased including peasants and laborers. The subscribers of the periodical were mainly concentrated in the Polish territories annexed by Russia, Austria and Prussia. However, some subscribers came from the European and Asian parts of Russia as well as from the United States. The periodical con­tributed to the development of clerical publications. It also enabled the clergy to effectively reach the public with theological, national, social and political issues.
PL
W latach 1903-1907 wydawane było czasopismo „Maryawita”. W ciągu 1906 r. czasopismo zmieniło nazwę na „Jutrzenka”. Zmiana była podyktowana potrze­bą odróżnienia się od mariawitów – odłamu religijnego potępionego w tym czasie przez papieża Piusa X. Redaktorem i wydawcą czasopisma był ks. Win­centy Bogacki. Stworzył on ogólnopolski zespół autorów. Bezpośrednią przy­czyną wydawania czasopisma były obchody jubileuszu 50-lecia ogłoszenia dogmatu Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP. W roku 1906 wydawano „Jutrzenkę” wraz z dwoma dodatkami – „Czytelnia Niedzielna” i „Tygodnik Diecezjalny”. Czasopismo podejmowało w początkowych latach tematykę kultu maryjnego oraz treści związane z kultem Najświętszego Sakramentu. Po przemianach związanych z rokiem 1905 czasopismo zmieniło tematykę, wprowadzając treści społeczne, polityczne i narodowe. Pierwotnie odbiorcami treści czasopisma byli duchowni, ziemianie i inteligencja. Po wprowadzeniu tematyki społecznej zwiększyła się liczba odbiorców świeckich, w tym chłopów i robotników. Pre­numeratorzy czasopisma skupieni byli w zaborze rosyjskim, austriackim i pru­skim, ponadto w europejskiej i azjatyckiej części Rosji oraz w Stanach Zjedno­czonych. Czasopismo przyczyniło się do rozwoju piśmiennictwa duchownych, którym dało możliwość szerszego dotarcia do społeczeństwa z treściami teologicznymi, narodowymi, społecznymi i politycznymi.
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