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EN
Dialectal material, as it is widely known, is a concentration of archaic elements, in the best way reflecting the features of traditional culture of the Russian people, their consciousness and self-consciousness. In this connection, and also taking into account the modern state of Russian dialects, characterized by gradual extinction and loss of many archaic elements, research of dialectal language (especially in its local varieties) as a source of information about condensation of people’s cultural experience acquire a special meaning today. A suit as one of the components of national culture exposes and reflects normative, utilitarian, aesthetic, morally-ethical, regional, functional, ethnic and other traditions which are historically and socially determined. The traditional dress of peasants of the Russian North is considered in the paper.
EN
The article is devoted to study the semiotic aspect of the Russian derivative morphonology. The dynamics and perspectives of this functional aspect are shown in connection with the nomina- tive categorization on the example of the Russian dialectal morphonology.
EN
The article presents selected examples of enantiosemy which take place in the process of developing names denoting health in Russian dialects compared with Common Slavic units. Primarily, the history of the Russian kreiat’ and derived words with the same root are studied, alongside some other words with the same meaning. It is stated that auto-antonymous meanings can be detected through the existence of a lexeme originating from the primary motivation to a later attestation. The complexity of the historical development of a name often results in a discrepancy between its proposed etymologies.
RU
статье рассматривается денотативно-референтная сфера «Питание» в ее эстетической рефлексии, отраженной в живой речи современного сельского населения. Для выявления специфики эстетического начала народной речи привлекаются языковые факты, характеризующиеся семантической двуплановостью и прагматической нагруженностью: тропы, экспрессивные и оценочные средства, фразеологизмы, прецедентные тексты. Данная область модифицирована как сфера-донор и как сфера-реципиент, соотносясь с разными аспектами области «Человек». Анализируемая тема развивается в нескольких направлениях, связанных, в частности, с субтемами голода, поста, ассоциации процесса еды с другими жизненно важными процессами; присутствует также модус комической оценки.
EN
The article discusses the denotative-referential sphere “Food,” in its aesthetic reflection, mirrored in the living speech of a modern rural population. To identify the specificity of the aesthetic principle of the people’s speech involves linguistic facts, characterized by semantic and pragmatic biplanning load: trails, expressive and evaluative tools, idioms, precedent text. This area is modified as donor and as recipient in correlation with different aspects of the field of “Man”. Analyze the theme develops in several directions, associated in particular with subramani hunger, fasting, the Association of food with other vital processes; there is also the modus comic rating.
EN
In the article, names of fungi in Russian dialects are examined. The principles and motives of these names are traced via hyperonyms гриб, гýбы, обáбок, phraseological collocations бéлый гриб, and hyponyms волнýшка and опёнок. Models of semantic word formation are established: ‘animal→mushroom’, expressing similarity based on form, colour, properties, etc., and ‘non mushroom→mushroom’, on the basis of metaphorical transfer. The main word formation method of the names of fungi is morphological – first of all, suffixation. In the article, attention is paid to confixes and prefixes. The homonymy of names of fungi appears to be the result of using a common feature in different mushrooms as a motivation for the names.
RU
В статье рассматриваются диалектные наименования грибов в русских говорах. Принципы и мотивы номинации прослеживаются на примере гиперонимов гриб , гýбы, обáбок, фразеологизированного сочетания бéлый гриб, гипонимов волнýшка, опёнок. В качестве моделе семантического словообразования выделены: ‘животное → гриб’, выражающая отношение сходства по любому признаку: форме, цвету, свойствам и т.д. и ‘не гриб → гриб’, на основе метафорического переноса. Основным способом словообразования в названии грибов является морфологический, в первую очередь суффиксация. В статье внимание уделяется конфиксальному и префиксальному способам. В сфере названий грибов также может возникать омонимия в результате выбора мотива номинации какого-либо общего признака у разных грибов
EN
The text is an overview of the first volume of the lexical atlas of the Russian folk dialects. It presents modern cartographic methods used in the volume and types of maps contained therein. In order to better present the volume, one exemplary map is analysed, indicating its advantages and drawbacks. In conclusion the richness of the Russian dialectal lexical material, which was precisely geographically located, is stressed. This is the biggest merit of the atlas.
PL
W artykule omówiono zasięg występowania gwar białoruskich na pograniczu białorusko-rosyjskim w świetle badań lingwistycznych. Analizie poddane zostały wybrane publikacje obejmujące okres od połowy XIX w., teksty okresu międzywojennego, powojenne czasy ZSRR oraz lata po rozpadzie Związku Sowieckiego. Skupiono się na publikacjach autorów białoruskich, rosyjskich i polskich. Podejście do zagadnienia pogranicza językowego zmieniało się chronologicznie w zależności od przyjętych metod badawczych i rozumienia terminów gwara przejściowa / mieszana, rozwoju geografii lingwistycznej, postępującego procesu rusyfikacji oraz czynników polityczno-ideologicznych.
BE
У артыкуле прадстаўлены арэал функцыянавання беларускіх гаворак на беларуска-расійскім памежжы ў святле лінгвістычных даследаванняў. Прааналізаваны выбраныя публікацыі, якія ахопліваюць перыяд ад першай паловы ХІХ ст., тэксты міжваеннага часу, як і пасляваеннага перыяду Савецкага Саюза і надрукаваныя ў апошні час пасля распаду СССР. Для аналізу выбраны публікацыі беларускіх, расійскіх і польскіх даследчыкаў. Падыход да праблемы моўнага памежжа змяняўся храналагічна, у залежнасці ад прынятых метадалогій, разумення тэрмінаў “пераходныя / змешаныя гаворкі”, развіцця лінгвістычнай геаграфіі, працэсу русіфікацыі і палітычна-ідэалагічных фактараў.
EN
The article discusses the range of occurrence of Belarusian sub-dialects on the Belarusian-Russian borderland in the light of linguistic research. Selected publications covering the period from the mid-nineteenth century, texts of the interwar period, post-war times of the USSR and the years after the collapse of the Soviet Union were analysed. The focus was on publications by Belarusian, Russian and Polish authors. The approach to the issue of the linguistic borderland changed chronologically, depending on the adopted research methods and understanding of the terms transitional / mixed dialect, the development of linguistic geography, the progressing process of Russification and political and ideological factors.
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