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The article addresses the problem of people who were first executioners and later victims in Vladimir Zazubrin’s micro-novel Sliver. Although it was written in 1923, it wasn’t published until 1989, 52 years after the author’s death. He was arrested and then shot in 1937 in the time of terror. In Sliver, we can see the work of a checklist executioners, who mercilessly murders thousands of people, the victims of a totalitarian state. The article presents an attempt at an interpretation and analysis of Sliver, using the comparison of executioner’s and victim’s attitudes. The main character, Andrei Srubov, does his brutal work very thoroughly. However, everyday contact with his victim’s suffering and blood and the fear that arouses in him cause his madness. The executioner who has been killing class enemies of the Russian revolution becomes in the end its victim.
EN
Article describes the books of two authors, who try to compare Russian and Iranian revolutions and political development generally. Whereas Ghoncheh Tazmini uses Hegelian structuralist approach, that sees these revolutions as an inevitable result of modernization from above, another Iranian political scientist Zhand Shakibi puts stress on the role of human actor – pre-revolutionary monarch and his (miss)management of the situation in explaining the origins of revolution. Shakibi applies the human agency perspective to the analysis of the character of pre-revolutionary monarch and his modus operandi. According to Shakibi the structural variables did not by themselves cause the revolution, they create only potential for revolution. The revolutions must be explained by describing complex interactions between structural variables and modus operandi of the monarchs.
EN
In the article an attempt is made to apply the idea of nomadism to the process of transforming literary themes and plots that have taken shape and are fixed in the framework of certain national and cultural paradigms. In this case, it is a process of transforming such a topic, suchs so significant for Russian literature of the 20th century, as the Civil War in Russia. At present, it is experiencing a unique revival, but the means for its artistic implementation change significantly, as can be seen from the comparison of two contemporary novels dedicated to this topic: L. Yuzefovich’s “Winter Road” and A. Makushinsky’s “City in the Valley”. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that in the sense of literary and artistic psychology, which assumes living in an image, the topic of the Civil War in Russia can be considered as closed, while the resources of historical evidence are able to open a new emotional, intellectual and artistic potential for it.
EN
The image of the writer plays an important role in the publicist works of Ivan Bunin in 1920. It is the image of the author struggling against the Bolsheviks, and the image of those writers who helped the Bolsheviks propaganda as well as “new Soviet writers”. In 1920 Bunin as the most signif-icant writer of the Russian Diaspora focuses on the most famous writer among those who, according to Bunin, supports the Bolsheviks – Maxim Gorky. Bunin also pays close attention to the contro-versy with H.G. Wells: this is due to the role that the English writer played in the context of Soviet Russia. Bunin’s works in 1920 are written as a reaction of the Russian writer to the various texts published in the press, and the discussion with the works of his main opponents – Gorky and Wells.
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