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Samuel Rutherford – monarchia prawa czy monarchia świętych?

100%
Tulejski T.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2020
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vol. 91
67-81
EN
Samuel Rutherford – Scottish Presbyterian priest and political thinker who lived in the times of English civil war – is commonly considered as one of the theorists of the monarchy of law concept, the mixed constitution and the right of revolution. All these ideas are fundamental for modern English constitutionalism which is in opposition to the idea of monarchical absolutism which is based on the concept of the social contract. For this reason, he was among the authorities quoted by the Founding Fathers during their opposition against the arbitrary powers of the Metropole. Meanwhile, the global analysis of his achievements put in doubts many circulating opinions regarding the author of Lex, Rex. In this article, an author proves that the hermeneutic analysis of Rutherford’s political theology suggests that Rutherford was not the theorist of the monarchy of law in its common meaning, but rather theonomic vision of the state.
PL
Samuel Rutherford – szkocki prezbiteriański pastor i myśliciel polityczny okresu angielskiej wojny domowej – uważany jest powszechnie za jednego z teoretyków koncepcji monarchii prawa, ustroju mieszanego oraz prawa oporu. Wszystkie te idee, konstytuujące nowożytny angielski konstytucjonalizm w opozycji do monarszego absolutyzmu, wywodzi z koncepcji umowy społecznej, co czyni zeń autora, do którego odwoływali się dla przykładu Ojcowie Założyciele w swym sprzeciwie wobec arbitralnej władzy metropolii. Tymczasem analiza całości jego dorobku każe poddać w wątpliwość wiele obiegowych opinii na temat autora Lex, Rex. W niniejszym artykule autor dowodzi, że hermeneutyczna analiza teologii politycznej Rutherforda skłania do wniosku, że nie był on teoretykiem monarchii prawa w jej powszechnym znaczeniu, lecz w istocie teonomicznej wizji państwa.
2

Od umowy o władzę do nietolerancji religijnej. Samuel Rutherford i kontraktualne uzasadnienie prześladowań religijnych

92%
Tulejski T.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
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2019
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vol. 41
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issue 3
83-108
EN
Samuel Rutherford (1600?–1661) was a Scottish Presbyterian minister whose political writings form a part of the controversial literature written during the English Civil War period in the mid-seventeenth century. Most of his political writing was done while he sat as a Scottish commissioner in the Westminster Assembly of Divines. His major political book, Lex, Rex was burned by order of the Restoration Government in 1660, and Rutherford was cited on a charge of treason as its author. In his opinion, in order to form a government men contract with one or more men among themselves, giving to them the authority of rulership. The ruler is under contract to rule according to the higher law for the welfare of all people. Rulership is a trust from the people and is never given without reservation. If the ruler misuses his trust, the people have the right and duty to resist him in order to preserve themselves within the higher law. Knowledge of the higher law comes through reason but reason is fallible. However, God has graciously provided the infallible Scripture as a guide to reason. Rutherford believes there is only one true interpretation of Scripture and that God has given to the Church primary authority in interpretation. In this article, the Author argues that Rutherford’s doctrine of exclusive truth leads him to an uncompromising position of religious intolerance.
3
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Problem tyranii w radykalnej myśli prezbiteriańskiej. Przypadek Samuela Rutherforda

92%
Tulejski T.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2019
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issue 19
31-53
EN
The article delves into the principles of the right to resistance in radical Presbyterian thought. As an example, the author discusses Samuel Rutherford’s political theology, which represents a consummation of the earlier concepts of tyranny and right to disobey that had been formulated largely within the Calvinistic camp. The theology in question became one of the chief arguments in support of the Puritan Revolution in England.
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