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EN
Thanks to electing its members (on 22nd December 1788) the Military Commission took over the real power over the army. Overthrown during the parliamentary session of 3rd November 1788, the Military Department of the Permanent Council finally stopped functioning. During the December debate the deputies, who slightly outnumbered the senators, tried to increase their majority in the Seym. In the confederated Seym the votes of deputies and the votes of senators carried the same weight and consequently the result of parliamentary voting depended on the overall counting of all the votes. That is why the problem of deputies’ representation in the Seym was a matter of great significance. In order not to decrease the number of deputies it was decided that the current deputies would not become the members of the Commission (there was a fear that the deputies involved in the work of the Commission might neglect their duties as members of Parliament). At the same time the gentry aimed at increasing their majority in the Seym by excluding from the parliamentary debates those senators who would be elected for the Commission. However, this initiative failed due to the strong opposition of the senators. Instead, the senators suggested that the deputies’ majority in the Seym should be increased directly by increasing the number of deputy seats. The deputies accepted this proposal. For the time being it was not put into practice yet. However, the December debate lay foundations for the compromise between the gentry and the senators concerning preserving the senators’ legislative rights within the framework of the “two-chamber” Seym.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na elementy etykiety związanej z obejmowaniem urzędów ziemskich w Rzeczypospolitej, a także na przygotowania poprzedzające wjazdy. Uwzględnione zostały wybrane oracje głoszone podczas oficjalnej inauguracji urzędu i wjazdu do miasta oraz na okoliczność ceremonii funeralnych szlachty piastującej urzędy.
EN
The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the ceremonial associated with taking up and exercising dignity and offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which made up a kind of clerical custom, based on examples taken from the court environment, and partly resulting from the Sarmatian view of the world and culture.
RU
Цель статьи - привлечь внимание к элементам этикета, связанным с заниманием земельных должностей в Речи Посполитой Польской, а также к приготовлениям, предшествующим т.н. въезду. Были приняты во внимание избранные речи, произнесенные во время официального открытия каденции и въезда в город, а также на погребальных церемониях дворян, занимающих такие посты.
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