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Historická tematika v prózách Karla Sabiny

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EN
This article is an excerpt from the author’s Ph.D. dissertation ‘Karel Sabina epigon a tvůrce’ (Sabina as Original Writer and Imitator; Prague, 2007), which is concerned mainly with the belles-lettres of the poet, dramatist/librettist, novelist, and journalist Karel Sabina (1813–1877). The dissertation combines approaches from literary history, biography, and textual criticism, but its core approach is a detailed interpretation of his individual works, focusing on intertextuality, for example, Sabina’s essay on Karel Hynek Mácha (1810–1836) and Romantic motifs. The extract published here concerns two distinct areas of Sabina’s historical fiction: semi‑historical fiction from 1837–44 (Hrobník, Msta, Obrazy ze XIV. a XV. věku, and Čech), with an ostentatiously ahistorical treatment in the spirit of the melodramaticity of the gothic novel and earlier popular literature, and Sabina’s historical fiction from the 1860s (in particular, Hyacint), which helped to establish this kind of work in modern Czech belles-lettres, and also his adventure literature (Ruesswurm), anticipating some later forms as well. In the first type of writing the article considers Sabina’s remarkable tendency to run down eminent figures of Bohemian history, which in Obrazy is a treatment typical of the popular 1541 chronicle of Václav Hájek z L ibočan, and in Čech, using Jan František Beckovský’s 1700 version of the same chronicle. This tendency in the early Sabina was suppressed by the censor and condemned by people in the arts, like Karel Havlíček Borovský (1821–1856) and later critics as well, but it did not prevent these works from achieving popularity amongst contemporaneous readers. In Sabina’s historical fiction at its height the tendency appears to be the most remarkable approach to writing, aiming to unify fact and fiction in belles-lettres. The article also aims to contribute to the assessment of the value of these works and to provide new findings in textual criticism of the works of Sabina and Mácha.
EN
The article has two aims. First, it endeavours to define the limits of authorship in Karel Sabina (1811-1877) and Jan Erazim Sojka's (1826-1887) Nasi muzove (Our fighters, 1862-63), a set of twenty biographical sketches of Slav writers (and one Irishman). Since it has to have as its starting point the most important analysis of this work - Alexandr Stich's Stylisticke studie III: Sabina, Nemcova, Havlicek (1976) -, the article also constitutes a critical commentary on Stich's book. Stich analyzes only two chapters of Nasi muzove in detail - those about Havlicek and Nemcova. In addition to Stich's remarks on the Havlicek essay, this article discusses the origin of the essay with reference to important material that Stich either did not know or ignored - namely, Sojka's original version of the article in Zabavnik Lipy ceskomoravske, which Sabin comprehensively edited for Nasi muzove, as well as Sabina's manuscript criticism of Havlicek's biography by Alfred Waldau (1837-1882) and Waldau's Die Bewegungen in Prag im März 1848 (1859). Sabina's considerable share in writing the text is thus more precisely determined; Stich's argument that the quotations from Havlicek's articles in Nasi muzove may have been deliberately altered is not challenged. The article also reproduces Stich's analysis of the volume's essay on Nemcova, but takes issue with some of his conclusions. It also mentions various polemics with Stich on his method (particularly, Josef Sebek's) and his sources (Jaroslava Janackova's taking issue with Stich's suspicion that four letters of Nemcova's, which we know only from Nasi muzove, were forgeries). In particular, the author of the article agrees with Stich's unfinished argument about the possible interpolation of literary allusions in the four letters, and presents an analogous example of Sabina's changes to Eduard Hindl's (1811-1892) letter to the publican Svoboda in Sabina's 'Uvod povahopisny' (Character sketch by way of an introduction, 1845) to Macha's Collected Works. On the basis of style analysis and other tools of textual criticism the article concludes by attributing the individual parts of Nasi muzove to Sojka or Sabina, and considers the circumstances in which the book was written. The author, in contrast to Stich, reconfirms that the editor of the volume was Sojka, who for the most part, however, used material sent to him by Sabina; Sojka then frequently altered this material, particularly in each essay's introduction or conclusion, usually to their detriment. On the whole, one may attribute to Sojka the authorship of about one-third of Nasi muzove, but the principal author was Sabina. The fact that Sabina was not involved in the final manuscript of Nasi muzove and remained anonymous probably demonstrates that Stich was mistaken in saying that Sabina was clandestinely using the book as a contribution to the Sabina cult.
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