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1

THE IMPORTANCE OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN DEFINING SCHIZOPHRENIA

100%
Keri S.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 1
165-179
EN
The study summarizes 10 years of research on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. In the visual system expressed impairments to the magnocellular pathway can be observed that are related to Gestalt organization, to the processing of complex visual stimuli, to perceptual distortions and supposedly to mentalization. Disorders in lateral connectivity and the M-pathway deficit may provide a neurocognitive marker for schizophrenia.
2

EMPTY ALLISM

100%
Petho B.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2007
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vol. 62
|
issue 3
EN
When 5-year and 21-33-year follow-up examinations of mood disorder and schizophrenia patients were performed, a distinctive form of behaviour came to light. This was characterised by a formal socialisation that seemed forced but that was nevertheless spontaneous in its effectuation. There were no experiences behind it, i.e. it did not derive from positive psychopathological symptoms, either direct or of a compensatory nature. At the same time, it was regulated and given variety neither by a scale of values that shaped preferences nor by personal connections that differentiated between tendencies to communicate. It was neither configured nor modified by personal needs or initiatives. In this way, rigidly conformist behaviour was a successful strategy in everyday living in view of the fact that scope for action and work was artificially narrowed (sheltered employment, care home, well-ordered living conditions, routine tasks). She did not experience the world of self and others, but was alienated neither from herself nor from others. Sociality grew on the patient as a protective skin. The patient's allism, i.e. existence in terms of the presence of others, was empty. Newly outlined empty allism was observable primarily in the outcomes of catatonic patients. Additionally, the concept appears to be useful in research into postmodern society and civilisation.
3

GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER (Badania asocjacyjne calego genomu w schizofrenii i zaburzeniach afektywnych dwubiegunowych)

100%
Hauser J., Dmitrzak-Weglarz M.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2009
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vol. 20
17-30
EN
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are heritable common disorders. Within the last years a number of genome wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and BP have been published. The study support strong evidence for association to specific risk loci, specifically for to zinc finger binding protein 804A (ZNF804A) locus for schizophrenia and for the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 2C subunit (CACNA1C) and ankyrin 3 node of Ranvier (ANK3) loci in bipolar disorder. The ZNF804 and CACNA1C loci influence risk to both disorders. In schizophrenia a number of rare copy number variation have been detected (CNV), also CNV influence risk of other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and mental retardation. The results of existing studies point to some likely pathophysiological mechanisms but also challenge our current concept of classification of psychiatric disorders.
4

Dysfunkcja społeczna w schizofrenii z perspektywy poznania spolecznego

100%
Bialecka-Pikul M., Rynda M.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2010
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vol. 5
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issue 4(15)
345-354
PL
Theory of mind, often called mentalizing ability, is the ability to attribute mental states to other people in order to explain and predict their behavior. This ability, considered as automatic and natural, is very important for social cognition and social functioning. The importance of this ability is well seen when we analyze difficulties in social functioning of people with difficulties in mentalizing, that is people with schizophrenia. The aim of the article is to present this new perspective in research on social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Starting with presentation of contemporary definitions of social cognition which emphasize the crucial role of the theory of mind we then define what the theory of mind is and discuss methods aimed to assess the mentalizing ability. Afterwards we try to answer the question whether social dysfunction in schizophrenia can be explained as a deficit of the theory of mind. Further, we present studies of insight and effectiveness of therapy aimed to improve the ability to mentalize, and we use it as an argument that theory of mind plays a fundamental role in social functioning. In summary we focus on further perspectives for studies in social cognition.
5

BETWEEN MEANING AND FORM. LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

100%
Prochwicz K.
Psychological Studies
|
2008
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vol. 46
|
issue 1
61-72
EN
The primary aim of the article was to define the relation between semantic satiation effect, hiperactivation of semantic network and language disorders in schizophrenia. The author presents a classification of pathological linguistic phenomenon in schizophrenia based on an access to the form and meaning of the words criterion, discusses the associational activation hypothesis which predicts that the main source of language disorders in schizophrenia is the disturbances of activation process in semantic network. In the article the attempt was made to extend this hypothesis to the results of research on semantic satiation effect. Semantic language disorders in schizophrenia could be explained as a result of hyperactivation of semantic network whereas formal language disorders are based on the effect of temporary loss of meaning of words.Semantic satiation effect should be taken into account as a possible couse of formal language disorders in schizophrenia.
6

LANGUAGE DYSFUNCTION THAT IS/OR THOUGHT DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

100%
Garab E. A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2007
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vol. 62
|
issue 4
495-512
EN
One of the most obvious symptoms of schizophrenia is the blurred communication, the abnormal speech and thinking. This review tries to look over the literature in this topic about clinical findings, neuropsychological studies, researches with brain imaging techniques, and so on. There are several questions like definition and nature of this symptom, functional background of it or the methods of studies used. However, we are getting closer to answers, there are several issues unexplained. As a whole, the phenomenon of language dysfunction or thought disorder in schizophrenia is an interdisciplinary, challenging and inspirative issue, which could give new perspectives to understand not only schizophrenia itself, but the human mind as well.
7

The Efficacy of Three Interventions Modifying Stereotypes and Prejudice Towards People with Schizophrenia

100%
Walachowska K., Janowski K., Tatala M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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vol. 40
|
issue 4
96-102
EN
Little is known about the efficacy of various interventions aimed at fighting stereotypes and prejudice towards people with schizophrenia. This study evaluated the efficacy of three interventions: film, meeting a person with schizophrenia, and educational presentation, in reducing stereotypes and prejudice towards people with schizophrenia. Three groups of students were assessed by the Stereotypes and Prejudice Questionnaire before, directly after, and one month after the intervention. A reduction in both stereotypes and prejudice was observed following the educational presentation, and a further decrease in the unfavorable attitudes was observed a month later. Watching the film was found effective in reducing prejudice, however it did not lower stereotypes. Meeting a person suffering from schizophrenia was found to minimize stereotypes but its effects on prejudice were relatively insignificant and temporary. The findings from this study showed that various types of intervention had diverse effects in reducing stereotypes and prejudice.
8
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Kreatywność, szaleństwo i modernizm

75%
Kapusta A.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
|
2011
|
vol. 47
|
issue 4(190)
571-581
EN
In the article Louis A. Sass's view on the relationship between madness and modern art is presented. Analyses of experiences within the schizophrenia spectrum disorders are the starting point for the questions on the character of human creativity and possibilities of understanding the person with mental disorder. Sass is against the romantic vision of creativity as regression – the moment in the direction of primitive emotionality, irrational mind states, and the feeling of connection with the world and the lack of the self-awareness. Such thinking is inconsistent with the innovative strategies in modern (and postmodern) art. Schizophrenic experience differs from post-romantic view of creativity and expresses in the forms of morbid hyperreflectivity and the feeling of alienation and disengagement. Robert J. Barret's critical remarks reveals some difficulties in Sass approach and the necessity for more sociological approach to mental illness.
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