The main goal of the commentary is to understand and evaluate the authors’ motives hidden behind their publication of the text on psycho-business in the Polish popular magazine “Charaktery”. The text, in fact a controversial provocation, may be evaluated in terms of competence and morality. While trying to understand Witkowski’s and Fortuna’s motives underlying the provocation, I also encourage the Authors to work towards improvement of Polish law concerning psychotherapy.
Candidates for jobs usually present themselves by writing their CVs and by emphasizing their strong sides. This study investigated the extent to which modest or boastful, stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent self-presentations of male and female candidates for the role of managers are effective and create a favorable impression upon employees. Participants were males and females, differing in their professional experience: students vs. persons employed in stereotype-consistent i.e. feminine or masculine, or gender neutral jobs. Participants were asked to identify gender of potential employers and judge attractiveness and usefulness for a position of a manager of male and female candidates who presented themselves either in the boastful or in the modest way and who emphasized either their competences or interpersonal skills. Both age and gender of participants affected their judgments. students showed a stronger tendency than employed persons to judge the prospective managers on the basis of stereotypical traits, and women judged a female who boasted in the instrumental area as less suitable for the role of manager than men did. Candidates who were boastful in the interpersonal area were selected for the role of manager more often than those who were boastful in the instrumental area, and this was independent of the sex and age of participants.
Does the presentation of the self depend on participants' inferences about the researcher's interests? Participants were asked to complete 'I am...' statements while the researcher's affiliation was manipulated. As expected, participants were more likely to report social aspects of the self (e.g., ethnic identity, party affiliation) when the study was allegedly conducted by the Institute of Political Research than when it was conducted by the Institute of Psychological Research. Thus, participants focused on aspects of the self that they could consider most relevant to the researcher's interest. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
The study deals with the linguistic self-presentation of the speaker carried out through constructions with an explicit I and a substantive modificator which constitute linguistic presentation of one or more social statuses. Variability of constructions mirrors diversity of attitude constellations. It reflects cognitive and discursive differentiation of the aspect of I as an initiator of self-presentation and an aspect of I as a corrector of self-presentation. This condition has its roots in the duality of self-reflection in which I is enrooted as a subject of activity (dynamic I) and I as an object of self-reflection. Diversity of function and form of the self-presentation constructions in Slovak is determined by the combination of approaches and procedures which use the approaches of self-determination and concretization as well as affirmation and negation.
Socially desirable responding (SDR) is usually treated as a “noise” in psychological research, to be controlled for by creating certain conditions for respondents. We tested a range of cues aimed to decrease/ increase SDR to be applied/avoided in selection or recruitment. To decrease it, we developed two novel procedures: one inspired by the bogus pipeline in which the respondents were induced to believe we can objectively record their sincerity (all three studies), and the other, inspired by the Bayesian Truth Serum (BTS) method, in which the respondents were rewarded points for sincerity (Study 3). To increase it, we exposed the respondents to descriptive group norms signalling socially desirable behaviours in their peers (Study 1 and Study 2). We measured SDR via over claiming (Study 1 and Study 3), L and K scales from the MMPI (Study 1), and attitudes towards vulnerable groups (Study 2). Across all three studies, we decreased the SDR via newly developed procedures, but failed to increase it, indicating a “default” level of positive self-presentation. When we compared the two procedures for decreasing SDR (over claiming indices), the one inspired by the bogus pipeline was more effective than the BTS-inspired one (Study 3).
This paper is intended to be a proposal for the constitution of ego-linguistics as a subdiscipline of the humanistic linguistics. The author begins his thinking about the content of exploration in terms of this subdiscipline by considering the possibility of using of the psychological concept ego to a systematic study of the relation between the ego and the use of language. The ego-approach to the discourse is based on the thesis that the discourse is shaped by confrontation of self-projection of the interactions. The fundamental question of the ego-linguistics is how do the people use their language in order to realize the potential sense of this confrontation. The next fundamental concepts are: egocentrism, self-interpretation, ego-motivation, ego-evaluation, ego-devaluation, ego-mobility, self-presentation, ego-engaged acts, ego-engaged cooperation.
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