The study deals with the collocations 'SUBST + AKO + INF' and their syntactic status determining the writing of comma in the selected types of constructions. Reviewing the items of the Slovak National Corpus, the most frequent nouns realized within this type of constructions are identified. The corpus research proves that the attributive monomial infinitive sentences undergo complex sentence constructions, which can result into the syntagma with a simple attribute within the particular group of nouns. This process is reflected in the irregular comma writing realized within the corpus texts.
Author of the article describes statements about Czech language of well-known modern Czech writers: Ludvík Vaculík, Josef Škvorecký, Milan Kundera, Pavel Kohout and Václav Havel. They are speaking about function of mother tongue in a literary composition or in a daily communication.
This paper focuses on the Slovak phraseme “figu borovú” (expressing the meaning a) absolutely not b) nothing at all), which is presented in Slovak lexicographic literature as a phraseme with the highest degree of morphological restriction (restricted to the form in the accusative of singular). However, the material in the Slovak National Corpus (sub-corpus of Slovak texts available on the web), in addition to the accusative form, also offers examples of the nominative type “figa borová”. The paper maps the occurrence of these forms and analyses them from the functional semantic and morphosyntactic aspects. A natural part of the topic is also the sociocultural dimension of the lexical unit “figa borová”, which is also related to its gestural anchoring (the gesture: a thumb inserted between the index finger and middle finger). The core of the study is therefore preceded by an introduction to the gestural paralinguistic background and a look at lexicographic works of synchronic and diachronic character capturing the semantic structure of the noun figa. Special attention is paid to the relationship of phraseological units mať, dostať, dať (to have, to get, to give) figu borovú – mať, dostať, dať (to have, to get, to give) šušku borovú, from the attributive aspect, that is, in the line of model – analogy with relation to the adjective borový, which is their component part.
The thesis that meaning is normative, i.e. that statements ascribing meaning to sentences express norms, advocated by Kripke-Wittgenstein, has been subjected to numerous critical arguments. However, these doubts can be refuted if certain modifications are made. Firstly, one must reject Boghossian's requirement that a correct use is a true use and allow for correctness of speech acts which do not aim at truth. Secondly, one must reject conflation of correct use and correct application. Thirdly, the fact that the normativity of meaning sentences is not the normativity of moral sentences does not prove that meaning sentences are not normative in a different way. In line with the 'folk' theory of meaning, presented in the paper, the author accepts the meaning normativity thesis, which, however, does not mean embracing the existence of a set of rules shared by all users of a given language, which was questioned by Davidson. The idea that uses of language can be classified as correct or incorrect is central to our ordinary concept of meaning.
The author attempts to explain phenomenologically the sources of all theoretical endeavors as opposed to the practice of everyday life. According to the author, theorizing effort originates in consciousness that blocks the internal time-flow in order to extract and immobilize temporal data. The description of this process passes through the phases of pure qualities, predicative statements, linguistic sentences, and ends up pointing to the higher level of textual discourse.
The article focuses on the links and relationships between morphological and syntactic categories in Slovak as a flectional type of language, emphasising the essence of the syntactic categories and their classification. The relationships between morphological and syntactic categories are based on the fact that the morphological units serve the construction of syntactic units. According to the author, syntactic category is a meaningful and formal unit which serves the study of fundamental aspects of the grammatical and semantic sentence structure, as well as its communication function. In this connection three main syntactic categories (or hyper-categories) are distinguished: the predicative category, the category of modality and the category of communication intention. To these three hyper-categories can be attached other categories or subcategories which express more specific aspects of the grammatical and semantic sentence structure (personality, appeal, the category of syntactic correlativity, negation, etc.).
The paper deals with the certain problems concerning semantic structure of sentence on the basis of the theoretical and methodological postulates and analysis presented in the work Semantic Structure of Slovak Sentence (2012) by Eva Tibenská. The paper describes some open questions concerning the investigation how semantic and syntactic aspects of sentence structure cooperate. The paper concentrates especially on problems arising with the classification of predicates and delimiting the semantic roles of subject and object participants in the sentence structures. A special attention is put on the questions connected with the semantic structures of subject less sentence and the understanding of causative sentences in the language. The paper also analyses the meaning of the structures in which dative participant occurs with regard to its semantic interpretation.
The author speaks about two hierarchies defining the scope of the semantic (and morpho-syntactic) variation of a sentence. The first hierarchy operates in the framework of the constitutive proposition. It is the hierarchy of arguments of the given predicate imposed by the selected exponent of that predicate. It is labelled diathetical hierarchy. Diathesis is understood as a semantic category (with partially grammaticalised exponents) responsible for the selection of the morphosyntactic and/or lexical exponent of the predicate and eo ipso for the hierarchy of its arguments as presented in the sentence. Diathetical hierarchy is correlated with the hierarchy of case relationships. Diathetically unmarked sentence is a sentence with the agens / initiator of the action as a referent of the first, nominative, argument. The second hierarchy operates on the sentence as a whole. It is the hierarchy responsible for the topicalization of the sentence. It is pragmatically motivated and is labelled as communicative hierarchy. Its exponents are the intonational line (variations in pitch) of the utterance (in the written text signalized by the punctuation marks) and/or the linear ordering of the semantic components.
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