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EN
The paper presents poetry of the greatest Ukrainian poet as a universal chain between the tradition of European thought and later times. The initial point of the programme formulated by Shevchenko is to portray the dramatic situation of Ukraine and its inhabitants. The main goal, however, is to call for a thorough transformation of the nation which should lead to political activeness, revolution, and independence from Russia. The poet calls for that kind of transformation, to rouse from moral and national apathy in almost every poem. The paper analyses the way in which the Ukrainian successor of Tyrtaios encourages his brothers to start kindling the spirit of patriotism. The poet shows that the Ukrainian nation lost its national identity related not only to attachment to land but also to its pride in its resources. The paper presents the elements of Shevchenko's artistic activity, which most directly refer to the original literary understanding of the notion of tyrteism. Here, the poet's most important task is to summon for an uprising. Following the romanticist criticism of idealistic reduction of existence to thought, the achievement of the spiritual transformation should take the form of activity in the real world. The poet ought to be a national bard and leader who summons to the struggle for independence. Not only should his poetry lead his nation to arms but also demonstrate how to use them. The struggle to which Shevchenko summons is a result of changes inside the nation which is mature to demand its civil rights: independence, self-determination and development of own culture.
EN
The paper focuses on two examples introducing a distant reading approach for research Ukrainian literary works. The studies considered are rather different in terms of breadth of their aims and intentions, the number of performers, the pace and nature of implementation, and consequently, results. The first one concerns famous Ukrainian writer, Taras Shevchenko, and the network of contacts, as reflected in his diary. Distant reading helps to both question and elaborates on established theses and hypotheses of predecessors, as well as to reveal important details of Shevchenko’s portrait as an author, artist, and person. By contrast, the article also informs about the research by a team of scholars who analysed the titles of European novels of the 1840s–1910s. As the one responsible for the Ukrainian and Polish parts, I outline (un)confirmed expectations and surprising findings, and demonstrate how one can build a bridge between the results of distant reading and subsequent studies of a narrower scope.
EN
The paper aims at identifying possible typological overlaps between the works of Slovak romantic poets (Samo Chalupka, Andrej Sládkovič, Janko Kráľ, Ján Botto) and the most prominent Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko. The paper uses a comparative typological approach. The research is carried out within the framework of such a kind of comparative typology as comparative thématologie. Typological comparison of Slovak poets’ works to the ones of Taras Shevchenko revealed no single ideological-thematic overlaps between them. On the other hand, it clarified a modern idea of the creative individuality of each of the poets under consideration. All the poets are united by a universal motif of love for motherland, longing for it, especially in the conditions of being in a foreign country or even exile, as in Shevchenko’s case. The poets employ similar artistic means, celebrating beauty of their native land. At the same time in the works of Slovak poets and Shevchenko there is no lack in examples of different interpretations of similar subjects, as in the verses with the same name „Mower“ of Chalupka and of Shevchenko, poems „Maryna“ of Sládkovič and of Shevchenko, ballads „Yellow Lily“ of Botto and „Lily“ of the Ukrainian. A comparative typological approach to the material, well known at first sight, provides a detection of previously unnoticed analogies and similarities between the works of Slovak poets and Shevchenko, enabling a new understanding of the common literary and socio-political context.
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