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1

TWO JADEITITE MADE LENGYEL CULTURE AXES FROM GOLIANOVO, WESTERN SLOVAKIA

100%
Hovorka D., Spisak T., Mikus T.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2006
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vol. 41
53-68
EN
Among several ten types of stone raw materials used in the Neolithic/Aeneolithic and found as stone implements on the territory of the Slovak Republic, only one axe made from the jadeitite has been described (Hovorka et al. 1998) in the past. In this paper we present description of the raw material, in order of the 2nd and 3rd broken pieces of the jadeitite made axes found within the identified rondel (Kuzma, Tirpák 2001) located 2 km to the SE of Golianovo village on surface by an amateur-collector. Golianovo is located 7 kms to the SE of the city Nitra (western Slovakia). For the identification of raw material phases of two discussed fragments we used thin sections optical microscopy as well as diffraction and microprobe studies.
2

RESEARCHES ON THE WEIGHT OF SCYTHIAN ARROWHEADS FROM THE HALLSTATT HILLFORT IN SMOLENICE-MOLPIR

80%
Helmuth A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
285-294
EN
In the year 2006, the researches on the weight of bronze arrowheads of the so-called Scythian type from the hillfort in Smolenice-Molpir (southwestern Slovakia) have brought to light some new interesting facts. The hillfort was excavated in the late 1960s and 1970s by S. and M. Dusek. They found nearly 400 bronze arrowheads of the Scythian type with two or three wings or of three-edged shape. By the authoress of this article, the researches showed that these arrowheads belong to the different tribes of the riding nomads, which destroyed the settlement in the late 7th century BC. The analysis of distribution of the different weights of arrowheads (light: 2-3 g; middle: 3-4 g; heavy: more than 4 g) resulted in following: In some areas of Smolenice-Molpir hillfort with the stronger fortification, (for example the gate III), the arrowheads with a higher weight were found than in the other areas with less fortification. Furthermore, no connection between the weight and the arrowhead special type has been found. This fact is very surprising and it signifies that the weight of an arrowhead depends on material, not on his shape.
3

GRAVE 63 AT THE CEMETERY IN CIERNY BROD. ISSUES ON GRAVES WITH PARTIALLY BURIED ANIMALS FROM THE PERIOD OF THE AVAR KHAGANATE

80%
Zabojnik J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
353-386
EN
A grave, in which horse bones (skull and distal parts of extremities) were found in addition to an equestrian skeleton, i. e. the grave with partially buried horse, was excavated at the cemetery from the Period of the Avar Khaganate in Cierny Brod. The most up to date catalogue of sites with occurrence of the partially buried animals on the Avar Khaganate territory is presented. Since more necropolises have not been completely published, the studied phenomenon is evaluated by quantitative method, only considering the number of sites but not the amount of the graves within them. This can cause some destortion, however, it does not influence the general picture of the occurrence of the graves with partially buried animals from the Period of the Avar Khaganate. The above-mentioned phenomenon is analysed in relation to the graves chronology and buried animal species. Although vast majority of these graves can be dated to the early phase of the Period of the Avar Khaganate, their occurrence in later periods (middle and late phases) does not seem to be rare either. In term of the animal species is concerned, horse is predominating, which is solely to be found in the male graves. On the contrary, the partial burials of cattle or sheep/goat are present also in the graves of women and subadult individuals. Occurrence of the studied phenomenon is supplemented with cartographic evaluation according to the animal species. Following maps of the sites, the highest concentration is found on the territory east of the Tisza River, mainly around town Szeged. The equestrian graves with the partially buried horses dated mostly to the early phase of the Period of the Avar Khaganate were excavated here. Graves with the partially buried animals, mostly those with horses, have numerous parallels in nomadic communities living in the East European steppe zone. Finally, the interpretation of this phenomenon is given. It is connected with Bulgarian Kutrigurs, whose military potential was integrated into the Khaganate's armed forces after the Avars had defeated them. The Kutrigurs probably settled the area of the Carpathian Basin - to the east of the Tisa River where the majority of such graves was found.
4

BASIC PARAMETERS OF PALAEODEMOGRAPHY OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE GRAVEYARDS IN JELSOVCE

70%
Jakab J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
277-283
EN
Relevant palaeodemographic data (synoptic data on age, or sex and life expectancy) from the multicultural archaeological site in Jelsovce (south-western Slovakia), where 616 graves of the Early Bronze Age were excavated. The graves included the skeletal remains of 660 individuals in total. Among them, 213 individuals were of the Nitra culture, 126 individuals of the Unetice culture and 321 individuals of the Madarovce culture. The burial site was actively continuously used in the Early Bronze Age and is dated approximately to the period between 2200 up to 1500 BC. The presented results of the palaeodemographic analysis are summed up in three tables and six diagrams. Despite the remarkable differences in numbers of the buried individuals, the population average age (31-32 years) seems to be stable during the almost seven centuries of burying at the site. In all three groups the average age of men was higher than that of women. If assuming the stationary population, numbers of burying groups could represent almost 24-25 inhabitants of the Nitra culture, 22 inhabitants of the Unetice culture and 55 inhabitants of the Madarovce culture.
5

PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT OF THE SAND DUNE VELKA MOLVA AT CICAROVCE

61%
Kaminska L.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
203-260
EN
Excavations of a multicultural settlement site at Cicarovce in 1998 revealed a prehistoric settlement. Two features of the Raskovce group contained pottery with black painted decoration. Three settlement features with pottery, stone and bone implements and animal bones belong to the proto-Tiszapolgar phase. Half-globular protrusions dominated in decoration of pottery, which consisted of bowls, plate-shaped vessels, cups, glasses, lids, pots and storage vessels. First radiocarbon dating of the Polgar culture in Eastern Slovakia: 5745 ± 35 BP, calibrated 4607 ± 55 BC (VERA 2094). Two features, in which pottery decorated with the pointed protrusions and impressed dots was found, belong to the Tiszapolgar group later phase. Bowls are prevailing in finds, in association with the cups, glasses, lids, pots and a ladle. In stone industry obsidian is slightly predominating over Volhynian flint. Seven features and a ditch were classed as belonging to the Nyirseg-Zatin culture earlier phase, for which pottery decorated with white-inlaid notches (bowls, jugs) and without engraved decoration with the straw imprints (bowls, cups, amphorae, pots) are typical. An earthen mock-up of house, small earthen wheels, stone and bone artefacts, copper wire, animal bones and shells were found here as well. The Suciu de Sus and Gava cultures were represented mostly by the pottery finds.
6

THE EARLY LATENE HILLFORT IN HORNE ORESANY, WEST SLOWAKIA. PRELIMINARY REPORT

61%
Pieta K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
295-310
EN
This study is a preliminary report about the fortified settlement on the hill Slepy vrch (544 m) in the Little Carpathian Mountains. The double rampart ring of the hill fort with an area of 2 ha was discovered by treasure hunters with metal detectors and greatly damaged by illegal excavations. However, an important part of their finds could be reclaimed for the research purposes. On the site a surface prospection and sounding were carried out, by which a large collection of pottery and more than 1450 metal artefacts were retrieved. Except of a few pieces with the Hallstatt and Middle Latene dates the great majority of the finds belongs to the Early Latene Period (LTA), i.e. to its older and younger phases equally. These two horizons were also documented stratigraphically. From the interior area of the hillfort we have amble evidence of blacksmith activities and jewellery production such as pieces of raw stock, semiproducts and a large amount of blacksmiths' and jewellers' tools. They come from craftmens' workshops, which were concentrated on terraces placed along the ramparts. Among the ornaments found are also 11 animal- and human-headed brooches, 10 bird-headed brooches and some dozens of box-shaped belt hooks. Iron processing was probably connected with the ancient mining of iron ore, of which there was evidence on the hill slope. Within and also outside the ramparts at least 3 hoards of iron artefacts and two deposits of bronze ornaments were found. Weapons were also found frequently. According to reliable information at least 8 swords and 60-80 spearheads were found here in the past. An explanation for the deposits and for the large amount of weapons will be the subject of forthcoming research. The finds of Horne Oresany and of the sites nearby have proved, that western Slovakia around of the Little Carpathian Mountains was an important region on the eastern fringes of Celtic settlement in its oldest expansion phase, within the second half of the 5. century BC.
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