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1

UNCOVERING SLOW MEMORY IN THE NARRATIVES OF LITHUANIA’S POST-COMMUNIST TRANSFORMATION

100%
Ulinskaitė J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
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vol. 72
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issue 4
463 – 474
EN
This article contributes to the field of memory studies by exploring the potential application of the slow memory concept in analysing the narratives of individuals versus far-right politicians. Through an analysis of oral history interviews and far-right populist narratives about the post-communist transformation in Lithuania, the study reveals that only a minority of narratives can be described as slow memory. Narratives of disappointment and perseverance lack specific decisions or events but instead of highlight more mundane, everyday experiences. They focus on long-term change and reform and can be considered examples of slow memory. The findings suggest that one key characteristic of slow memory is its absence from public discourse and political space in a complete and comprehensive form. Political narratives tend to foreground specific events or leaders, thereby obscuring the complex, multidimensional nature of slow memory. This analysis of political narratives raises questions about the possibility of slow memory within political discourse more broadly.
2

MEMORY OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION AS A MEMORY OF SLOW CHANGE

100%
Tabaszewska J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2024
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vol. 72
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issue 4
449 – 462
EN
Despite the many changes that memory studies have undergone in recent years, we still usually link memory, especially national memory, with major political events, not gradual, slow changes. However, memory oriented towards events is inherently selective and susceptible to a specific narrative mode in which little or no attention is paid to what lies between those great events. The aim of this article will be to analyse the memory of the political transformation in Poland, treated not as a political breakthrough that took place within a few months between 1989 and 1990, but as a slow, ongoing change whose effects are still felt today. Adopting this perspective will allow to capture at least two separate memory perspectives on the political transformation: the first one, which treats the political transformation as a wasted opportunity or – at best – a process which is still unfinished, and the second one, which perceives the transformation as a task that is still open in the positive sense of the word, that is, as a task not only for the broadly defined present, but also – for the future.
3

BLURRING HISTORIES: KING SVÄTOPLUK I AND THE SHAPING OF SLOVAK IDENTITY THROUGH PSEUDOHISTORY AND SLOW MEMORY

88%
Hartikainen I., Syrovátka J., Szebeni Z.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
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vol. 72
|
issue 4
363 – 549
EN
This study examines how fabricated historical narratives and slow memory processes can shape nation-building efforts. We propose an expansion of Wüstenberg’s (2023) slow memory framework, suggesting that the gradual accumulation of positive pseudohistorical accounts significantly influences collective remembrance. These processes cultivate what we term ‘slow joy’ – the gradual accumulation of positive emotions through sustained engagement with mythologized narratives of national greatness. Employing rhetoric performative discourse analysis, we explore performative actions and communication surrounding the medieval King Svätopluk I and the controversy over his statue erected at Bratislava Castle in 2010 to uncover how Slovak cultural organisations and governmental entities interweave historical facts with nationalistic lore for nation-building endeavours. Our findings reveal that these curated historical accounts, marked by a cherry-picked chronology and the elevation of particular historical icons like Svätopluk I, construct a continuous national identity with ancient origins. This paper contributes to memory studies by demonstrating the interaction of pseudohistory and slow memory in national identity formation, offering insights applicable beyond the Slovak context.
4

PERSISTENT CATASTROPHES: SLOW MEMORY AND SLOW VIOLENCE IN EXPLORING DARK HERITAGE

88%
Bezirgan-Tanış B.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
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vol. 72
|
issue 4
433 – 448
EN
This theoretical article explores the emerging concept and approach of slow memory and its relevance to dark heritage sites, focusing on how slow violence continues to impact the communities and histories these sites commemorate. It addresses the key research question: How does slow memory, which highlights gradual and often obscured forms of violence, intersect with dark heritage sites that reflect ongoing destruction and suffering? The article investigates three critical dimensions of the relationship between slow memory and slow violence: the temporal and spatial aspects of these phenomena, the invisibility of affected communities’ narratives, and the representational challenges inherent to these sites face. The study applies the slow memory framework, revealing how dark heritage sites, typically regarded only as representations of specific historical events, can also serve as enduring symbols of persistent suffering. This approach has the capacity to challenge official narratives of these sites, advocating for re-evaluating ecological and historical catastrophes as enduring processes rather than isolated events. This study seeks to contribute meaningfully to slow memory studies by integrating the themes of memory, violence and heritage, emphasizing the importance of understanding how past injustices continue to shape contemporary realities. It promotes a more comprehensive approach to addressing historical and ongoing injustices.
5

GRANDMOTHER MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE. SOLIDARY PRACTICES AND (SLOW) MEMORY IN CONTEMPORARY OPPOSITIONAL STRUGGLES IN POLAND

88%
Malmgren A.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
|
vol. 72
|
issue 4
519 – 535
EN
This article is about the relation between (slow) memory and solidary practices through the lens of a Warsaw-based activist group called Polskie Babcie (Polish Grandmothers). Driven by concerns for their grandchildren’s future, these grandmothers leaned heavily on memories as they manifested their support for the rule of law, the environment, LGBTQ+ rights, and more, during the rule of the national-conservative party Law and Justice. Commemoration was rarely the purpose of their actions; rather, memory existed as a repertoire of songs, skills and experiences which were continuously revisited and recycled in public action. Dramatic memories from Solidarity in the 1980s coexisted on this repertoire with less eventful experiences of mutual care, friendship and of “getting by” under tough circumstances. Having traced the steps and stories of these grandmothers through interviews and observations, I dedicate this text to the emplaced and embodied nature and creative usage of memories, fresh and old, simple and grand, in contemporary oppositional struggles in Poland. I also engage with theoretical discussions on the significance of memories which are not aimed at commemoration or monumentalization, but which ‘stick around’, nonetheless, slowly and inconspicuously, through human practice and interaction.
6

MIGRATION OF ROMA TO WESTERN EUROPE UNDER THE IRON CURTAIN IN THE LIGHT OF MEMORIES OF THE WITNESSES

75%
Hajská M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
|
vol. 72
|
issue 4
504 – 518
EN
This article applies the slow memory approach to the study of the pre-1989 migration of Roma from Czechoslovakia to the West. It focuses on reconstructing this phenomenon from memories of Romani 1 witnesses. It analyses the ways in which the process of migration to the West was remembered, described and interpreted by the witnesses. The emigration of Roma from communist Czechoslovakia to Western Europe is almost entirely absent in Romani studies and migration studies literature, with only a few random references by some authors. There is no data about the number of Romani migrants, and, generally, the topic is very under-researched. Oral historical methods and studies of memories of Romani witnesses who immigrated to Western countries present a unique possibility with which to research this phenomenon. The concept of slow memory enables the researcher to focus on how the Roma remember sociocultural and political events in the past and how they interpret them. Their testimonies showed a variety of motifs and descriptions of events that had various coinciding elements. Using the slow memory approach thus offers new perspectives on past events, especially by considering the marginalised and under-represented perspective of the Roma, which emphasises mainly the role of kinship and social networks and the big role of Romani solidarity in these stories.
7

RECORDING LIFE STORIES AS A NEVER-ENDING PROCESS: INTERVIEWING PEOPLE BY THE MUSEUM OF THE HLUČÍN REGION AS A CASE STUDY ON SLOW MEMORY

75%
Brožová A.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2024
|
vol. 72
|
issue 4
491 – 503
EN
This article examines the mnemonic work of the Museum of the Hlučín Region in Czechia using the emerging concept of slow memory. It elucidates how the institution endeavours to preserve and transmit the collective memory of the region, establishing a memory canon and disseminating it among younger generations. The mnemonic efforts of the museum are reinforced by its close engagement with the local community, where museum personnel view their role as preserving the region’s memory and cultural heritage for posterity – a process one museum employee describes as ‘rescue archaeology’. This study argues that the museum acts to safeguard the memory and identity of the Hlučín community in response to potential erosion due to generational shifts and the influence of Czech society. This case study provides insights into longue durée memory and the institutionalization of memories in the face of accelerated commemoration, emphasizing the significance of the individual agency of mnemonic agents.
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