The paper attempts to outline social changes in vocational counseling that take place in the Voluntary Labour Corps (VLC). The analysis of records concerning the activities undertaken by the VLC has provided the basis for the research. The authoress' reflections draw on Piotr Sztompka's Theory of Social Becoming. Social changes in the VLC take shape of twofold transformations. First, the VLC transforms from a homogeneous system that reproduces a certain social order into an organization that aims at being a flexible system, within the frames of which, in the process of emergence, the quality of social life may improve. Secondly, the VLC, treated as a state tool to realise the idea of raising socially useful citizens, transforms into the VLC which would serve the good of individuals - that is Polish citizens and the EU members. This transformation is an ongoing process, which aspires to be in accordance with the guidelines set within the strategy for the VLC for the years 2003-2010.
The article concerns current challenges in educational work with youth from middle schools. Educational challenges on the global level and those related to changes in our country are enumerated in the first part. The second part is the analysis of teachers' opinions on the subject of current challenges connected with working with youth. The article ends with a reflection on the teacher's role in the alternating reality.
The purpose of the article is to present a fragment of organizational reality as observed in the course of the research carried out during the ceremony of bidding farewell to a dismissed chief, who, for many years, had been at the helm of one the Voluntary Labour Corps (VLC) training centres. The authoress refers to the metaphor of a theatre in order to present this event as an example of changes taking place in the organization. For the sake of the paper, the depicted ceremony has been divided into two parts. The first one has been referred to as 'acts', and they are as follows: act 1 - preparations for the ceremonial farewell to the dismissed chief; act 2 - the official part of the ceremony; act 3 - collective celebration. The second part presents the strategies adopted to cope with the organizational changes. The labour community experiencing the changes within their organization constructed the social event to manifest their collective discontent at the ongoing alterations. The spectacle 'Bidding Farewell to the Hero' was constructed by adopting the coping strategies such as: dramatic co-operation, concealing embarrassment, placing one's trust in a role, backing practices and awarding the role of a hero to bureaucracy.
The contribution submits the detailed empiric data on funeral ceremonies for an old and a young woman in one village in Western Slovakia in 2003 and 2004. During her field research, the authoress had the opportunity to monitor the burial as a ritual activity in the public space. In her contribution, she thoroughly describes the activities and behaviour of persons involved in the ceremony, as they followed with the time, and as she could observe them at the church, in the cemetery or in the street. She mentions her comments on the performance and behaviour of the persons involved in the ceremony, which she has obtained from the respondents of the research. Within the description, she pays her attention also to the ritual objects. She deals especially with flower decoration and flower presents at the burial. She discusses the selected examples in dependence on the social relations within the local community. She observes the changes of the ceremony during the time, comparing the selected examples with other similar burials in the locality in the course of three decades.
The study is focused on the development of advertising in the context of social changes in the US. Its main goal is to point out how advertising reacted to some historical events and important social, economic, political or cultural changes in the US. The study is based on the concept of four crucial moments in the advertising history stated by Holm. He speaks about four phases in the general development of advertising: 1. origins, industrialisation and development, 2. professionalization, consolidation and redemption, 3. manipulation, creativity and globalisation, 4. digital advertising, algorithms and ‘dataveillance’. In this study, the attention is paid to the first phase; however, it is applied to the US historical development and cultural environment. Therefore, the first part of the text points out the nature of advertising from the colonization to the American Revolution; the second and much more extensive part of the study focuses on significant events of the 19th century, which crucially influenced and changed the history of the US, i.e. the Industrial Revolution and the Civil War. Those historical events also affected the ways of promotion; advertising mirrored the situation in society remarkably. The study’s conclusion explains the necessity of regulation and the need for the professional approach towards advertising at the turn of the 20th century.
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