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1

MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE ISSUES OF POLAND'S DEVELOPMENT

100%
Plowiec U.
Ekonomista
|
2004
|
issue 2
149-172
EN
In the light of two challenges that Poland faces, i. e. the necessity of a marked and sustainable acceleration of economic growth and of the decisive reduction in uneployment, it is indispensable that the country adequately shapes its competitive potential, which entails not only the economy but also its society. The meeting of these challenges depends primarily on soft factors, such as governance and the social cohesion in particular. Opportunities and threats to the development of competitive capability stem from the internal as well as the external factors, the latter being moderately favourable, while basic economic determinants, that is the hard growth factors and the public finance are in crisis. It is to be noted that considerable improvements have been achieved in human capital formation and in the external economic equilibrium. Poland 's accession into the EU enforces the indispensable adjustments of the country to the lines of development contained in the Lisbon strategy.
2
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Pojem „společenská soudržnost“ v názorech veřejného mínění a hodnotové postoje k uspořádání společenských vztahů

100%
Safr J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
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2008
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vol. 6
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issue 2
EN
The article pursues how the concept of 'social cohesion' is understood by the Czech public. Firstly, the respondents predominantly do not know the concept; in addition spontaneous answers to the open-ended questions show that different meanings are associated with this concept. The second part analyses the battery of statements 'what creates a cohesive society'. Three latent dimensions were identified: values of reciprocity and equality, collective identity and European liberalism. We can consider them general value orientations to arrangement of social relations. Only the first dimension is very weakly linked with the position in society. Correlations with political orientations and preferences, albeit weak, corroborate two-dimensionality of political values of the Czech population. In general, we can find two basic meaning spheres in public opinion, how should be achieved a cohesive society: consensus (a unity of values, common goals) and 'functional interpersonal relations' (social justice, solidarity, mutual assistance, decency and confidence).
3

Problem spójności w nowej polityce regionalnej UE na lata 2014-2020

100%
Greta M., Tomczak-Woźniak E.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 4(64)
3-12
EN
The study investigates regional policy and particular types of cohesion in the context of pursuit of regional cohesion. On the one hand, attention is paid to the territorial cohesion, which encompasses economic and social cohesion. On the other hand, the author discusses EU regional cohesion policy, fulfilling the challenges of the Strategy Europe 2020. These can be summarized as three dimensions in which the individual kinds of cohesion are implemented: intelligent growth – social and territorial economic cohesion; sustainable growth – economic and territorial cohesion; strengthening of social integration – social cohesion.
4

NEZAMESTNANOSŤ – PRETRVÁVAJÚCA VÝZVA SÚČASNÉHO SOCIÁLNO-EKONOMICKÉHO ROZVOJA

88%
Šarmír E.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2006
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vol. 54
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issue 10
1024-1036
EN
One of the most important social problems of a nowadays economic development at the world level is the high rate of unemployment, even in the economically most developed countries, with its negative implications on lasting poverty. It becomes evident that the correlation between economic dynamism and the creation of the new labour opportunities is not as evident as in the past. The aim of this paper is to draw on the controversial results of the efforts to reduce the unemployment rate and to solve the social problems connected with it, especially in USA and EU, and the different results achieved. In the first part, we pay attention to the changing concept of the full employment, in the second one, we bring some data concerning the rates of unemployment and the evolution of the social situation in the countries under consideration, and in the third, we discuss the different aspects of a welfare state, especially of the flex-security type.
5

GLOBALIZÁCIA A JEJ SOCIÁLNE SÚVISLOSTI

88%
Staněk P., Stanek V.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2005
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
171-183
EN
Process of economic globalisation and international integration results in significant changes in quantity and quality of economic and social processes as well as fundamental principles of market economy. Economy has become a system or a network with increasing competitiveness in vertical and horizontal direction. There are a lot of approaches that explain globalisation and its relations, influence and impacts. We have dealt with impact of globalisation on social phenomenons as employment, labour costs, social cohesion and global changes in corporate strategy.
6
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Sociální koheze. Teorie, koncepty a analytická východiska

75%
Safr J., Bayer I., Sedlackova M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 2
247-269
EN
The article focuses on the academic discourse of social cohesion, from general theories of social integration through to the definitions, measurement methods, and basic analytical concepts. The authors identify two degrees of universality with respect to the use of the concept of social cohesion: 1) the creation and preservation of social order in general, and 2) the study of particular mechanisms of social cohesion (civic participation, the effectiveness of cooperation, etc.). The first part differentiates between different general social theories according to how they approach the question of integration (norms/procedures and structures/relations), and the second part reviews the most important empirical approaches to the study of cohesion at the micro- and society-wide levels and the indicators used in these approaches. The authors distinguish between approaches 'integration from the bottom up' (e.g. factors of in-group cohesion) and the enlarged multidimensional, normative/relational 'good society approach' to macro-social cohesion. In conclusion, the authors propose a conceptual framework for studying the social cohesion of Czech society broadly based on the 'good society' approach, which they further elaborate in terms of reciprocity and universally applicable rules. This multidimensional conceptual framework encompasses the vertical dimension of social inequalities and civic rights and the horizontal dimension of collective social capital, especially its bridging form.
7

CULTURAL GROUP SELECTION AND THE RUSSIAN OLD BELIEVERS. ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE OUTCOMES OF THE GROUP-COHESIVE EFFECTS OF RELIGION

75%
Bahna V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2022
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vol. 70
|
issue 2
248 – 272
EN
Current adaptation approaches view religion as a system of beliefs, behaviours, social norms, taboos and collective rituals, which enforce social cohesion and intragroup solidarity that lead to group cooperation and coordination. These prosocial effects then translate into success in between-group competition. Cultural group selection is seen as the process that led to the emergence of religion as a cultural adaptation that enables the persistence of cooperative social groups. This article applies this theoretical approach to the so-called Old Believers: a diverse and fractioned branch of Russian Orthodox Christianity, whose history is marked by apocalyptic worldviews and antagonism towards state powers and the Russian Orthodox Church. Since their split with the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century, the Old Believers evolved towards egalitarian communities, asceticism, isolationism and traditionalism. The author argues that Old Believers can be in many respects viewed as prototypic examples of how religious systems promote social cohesion, in-group solidarity, identity and commitment. Yet, contrary to what the theory assumes (or at least emphasizes), the very same collective rituals, social norms, supernatural beliefs and taboos, and their systemic interdependence, can lead to group harmful outcomes (e.g., splintering, excessive celibacy, mass suicide). In other words, high levels of in-group pro-sociality linked to religion cannot be simply viewed as exclusively mediating group benefits.
8

TO SUSTAIN A COLOURFUL WORLD. VISION FOR A SMALL NATION (Fenntartani a sokszinu vilagot. Jovokep egy kis nemzet szamara)

75%
Naray-Szabo G.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2009
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vol. 27
|
issue 4
441-454
EN
The author expresses his gratitude towards the editors, who had made it possible that he may expound his thoughts as a professional outsider in this contribution. They may be interesting to the reader in that they reflect a special attitude close to that of natural sciences, hence they may offer answers to the different questions from an angle that differs from that of the other authors. Cultivators of some purified branches of natural sciences are in a relatively easy situation when they want to draw up a vision. For instance, today it can be exactly defined when the next solar eclipse would take place with the help of the heavenly mechanics, it can be predicted where the space ship circling our planet would enter the atmosphere. The spread of electromagnetic waves can also be precisely monitored, which, among others makes the production of sharp photos and the use of mobile phones. The social scientist is in a far more difficult position, who can, at the most, speak about guesses or even desires about his subject of study, and that too, with great uncertainty. Perhaps it is not accidental that the Delphi-method has spread which outlines the different scenarios of the future on the basis of the opinion and expectations of properly chosen experts. No matter what scholarly method is applied for predictions uncertainty remains significant. An example of major significance is the unexpected and rapid disintegration of the Soviet Union which was a veritable surprise for the entire world despite the fact that hundreds of Kremlinologists had been dealing with the future of that super power. Mitigating uncertainty is also important when a vision is drawn up differing from forecasting, it is not prediction but rather plans, hence it cannot depart from reality else it would become a pink fog and a nightmare. The author was led by this recognition when he attempted in this paper to group his ideas about the future around a scientifically well founded theory, the history of the development of the Universe. Some general principles can be worded on the basis of that history and have been valid for thousands of millions of years and presumably they would remain valid, therefore they may constitute the basis of the author's views about the future. He does not wish to create the false impression that his vision is unprejudiced and would not reflect his desires governed by the values he professes. The author attempts to support his thoughts with arguments of natural sciences, because this way he can control himself, at the same time he offers an opportunity for a patient discussion based on rational argumentation with visions based on different values. Therefore he briefly surveys the history of the Universe primarily on the basis of the French Jesuit anthropologist and philosopher Teilhard de Chardin (1980) and points out some basic regularities that apparently greatly determine that history. Next he attempts to apply those principles for outlining a national image of the future, which, as it will be seen, is necessarily rooted in the past.
9
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EDUCATIONAL MISMATCH AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – SELECTED ISSUES

75%
Koutná M., Krčková A., Vavřinová T.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2016
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vol. 48
|
issue 6
572 – 600
EN
Although the share of immigrants in the CR is in comparison with other EU states relatively small, the number of foreign nationals quadrupled over the past two decades. The most important challenge of integration of immigrants into the labour market is releasing their full skills potential, which has also a positive impact on integration and social cohesion. The aim of this article is to examine educational mismatch of immigrants on the basis of the CZ-LFS and the 2014 CZ-LFS ad-hoc module data. The immigrants in this study are divided according to the country of origin into three groups: Slovaks, EU and non-EU countries nationals. After overview of immigrant population and its characteristic, binary logistic regression models exploring the odds of working in high-skilled occupations, empirical and subjective over-education are described.
10
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Rodinná péče o seniory jako „práce z lásky“: nové argumenty

75%
Jerabek H.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 2
243-266
EN
This paper is based on a survey among 435 Czech households caring for a dependent senior in the family to inquire into the conditions and circumstances of caring for seniors in the family. The concept of 'care as a labour of love' (Graham) is contrasted with the concept of the 'defamilisation of care' (Glenn) and 'social rights for elderly care' (Fine). The author finds that more demanding family care, measured as the level of IADL or BADL, is reflected in a growing number of hours spent on family care. The author shows the significant differences in the psychological and financial burden experienced by primary caregivers in relation to how demanding the level of care required is. The article presents evidence of the existence of 'collective family care' in situations where demanding personal care for a senior is required. The participation of other family members in providing care for a senior in situations of demanding personal care demonstrates some features of family cohesion.
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