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1

SOCIOLOGY OF THE BODY. AN ATTEMPT AT DESCRIBING A YOUNG SUB-DISCIPLINE OF SOCIOLOGY

100%

Piatkowski W., Nowakowska L.

Lud

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2007

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vol. 91

55-76

EN

The aim of this article is to define the status and scope of research topics pursued by the sociology of the body as a new research area within the sociology of medicine. The authors describe its relations with the achievement of sociology as such. The sociology of the body continues research trends in sociology, which considered biological elements as significant variables for the explanation of social processes and phenomena (bioorganicism, racial-anthropological direction, socio-biology). However, the most important is the problem of the sociology of the body presented by Sarah Nettelton in her classical work of 1996 'The Sociology of Health and Illness'. Three main research trends have been discussed - naturalistic, social constructivism and phenomenological. An attempt at synthesising these trends has been made. The authors have discussed the ideas of Chris Shilling on the individual and social creation of body projects and those of Bryan S. Turner, who focuses on the modern mechanisms, which control the bodies through different social institutions. The concept of 'biopower', created by Michel Foucault, and the concept of the body subjected to the processes of the civilizationally variable socialisation advocated by Norbert Elias have also been discussed. The article also discusses Pierre Bourdieu's approach, who described the body as the physical capital, and some feminist theories, which have contributed to the conceptualisation of the problems of the sociology of the body. The research trends discussed in the article are also important for the sociology of health and illness because they pertain to the relations existing between the body (irrespective of its health condition) and social conditions. The article also touches upon some ideas related to the sociology of the body in Polish sociomedical research, which are discussed on the basis of some selected concepts.

2

SPOŁECZNE I KULTUROWE SKUTKI MIGRACJI POAKCESYJNEJ NA ŁAMACH TYGODNIKÓW OPINII W LATACH 2004-2012

88%

Dzięglewski M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2013

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vol. 39

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issue 3(149)

147-188

EN

One of the most significant aspects of the recent wave of migration from Poland is the way in which migrants’ social and cultural experiences are being depicted in press articles. Migratory experiences in journalistic descriptions are structured in the form of narratives which are reproduced in public debate. Then they form a part of ‘common knowledge’ and finally become an element of the whole reservoir of social consciousness. Media narratives describe processes which are the object of academic exploration of sociologists, anthropologists and psychologists. Among these processes there are such phenomena as: social mobility, cultural change (norms, values, lifestyles), emergence of ‘new identities’, the shape of ethnic and interethnic relations or changes in family patterns. The aim of the paper is a synthesis of the main narrative motives of the social and cultural consequences of post-accession migration in Polish weekly magazines between 2004 and 2012. The synthesis has been based on systematic content analysis of press articles (n=172) published in four weekly magazines. The goal of the analysis is a discussion of the way the consequences of migration are being depicted from the global (country), local (region), and individual perspective (migrant). The research project also aimed at discussing the intersection of journalistic and academic fields in press narratives and its role in the legitimization of ‘the official version’ of the depicted process. The analysis concerned the linguistic structure of journalistic narration in the context of Stanley Cohen’s concept of moral panic.

3

KONŠTRUKTIVIZMUS AKO FILOZOFIA A SOCIOLÓGIA VEDY: PROBLÉMY, MOŽNOSTI A LIMITY

88%

Sedová T.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2007

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vol. 62

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issue 9

750-764

EN

The paper gives an analysis of the role of constructivism in post-positivist epistemology and in the philosophy of science. The role of constructivism is thus analyzed in the sphere of the sociology of cognition. The authoress gives a detailed interpretation of Berger's and Luckman's social constructivism. The attention is paid also to the relationship between constructivism and co called 'standpoint epistemology' and reflexivity. The authoress sheds light especially on the various characteristics of social determinacy of scientific knowledge.

4

FENOMENOTECHNIKA Z HISTORICKÉHO HĽADISKA: JEJ PÔVOD A DÔSLEDKY PRE FILOZOFIU VEDY

88%

Castelao-Lawless T.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2011

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vol. 66

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issue 2

154-166

EN

This article provides an overview of the historical and philosophical contexts from which G. Bachelard's concept of 'phenomenotechnique' originated. It shows why phenomenotechnique is crucial for science studies. By incorporating the concept of phenomenotechnique into Hacking's and Galison's models of science, the authoress argues that we can avoid the radicalism of both while preventing the analysis of scientific practices from collapsing into the interpretive frames mandated by social constructivists.

5

DIFFICULTIES WITH IDENTITY - ART OF SELFCREATION AND PROBLEM OF RECOGNITION (Potize s identitou - umeni sebetvorby a problem uznani)

75%

Roubal O.

Communication Today

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

26-38

EN

A discourse of the term identity is very unambiguous in social sciences. However, there is a prevailing opinion that identity is a social construct which is characterised by plurality of identification relationships. Identity as a non-variable and stable quality of a man is in question and, on the contrary, it is understood as an ongoing process of constructing, defining and re-defining in the interaction of a man with the outer world. From the perspective of constructivism, the identity can be understood as the art of self-creation performed in concrete conditions of a social-cultural environment. In the era of late modernism the art of self-creation is being more significantly performed in the atmosphere of growing insecurity. Insecurity causes problems when building self-confidence, which complicates the process of creating a human identity. We, as consumers, experience certain insecurity when having to choose from a wide range of consumer goods and services. Uncertainty calls for a demand for the trust. Trust causes reduction of insecurity and supports self-confidence as a presumption of creating identity. In the world of consumerism and consumption significance, there is also a growing significance of trademarks and of sellers as possible sources of trust. These sources become an important part of consumers´ self-creation and they become a symbol of social recognition. The inability to participate in the consumers´ world and in the commercial entertainment may cause frustration and humiliation leading to unwanted socially pathological behaviour

6

Etnická identita na Balkáně. Příklad tzv. hraničních regionů

75%

Hristov P.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2008

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vol. 95

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issue 2

163-172

EN

This article is a summary of the author's experience gained while studying the border areas with compound communities (in ethnic, national, or confessional meaning) in the various regions of Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia in the beginning of 21st century. There are two difficulties that the researcher faces. The first comes from the fact that the researchers from the Balkans (ethnologists, historians, anthropologists) belong to one of the researched traditions; the second difficulty arises from the inadequate understanding of the history of those border areas, as well as the predominant primordial concept of national identity. Hence, the question is about regions of dispersed interwoven cultures, in which the tradition of contacts and conflicts made a unique cultural pattern. The comparative studies in theses regions require, according to the author, a new understanding of the reasons, ways and patterns of the 'construction' of national identities on the Balkans.

7

KONŠTRUOVANIE VÝZNAMOV V KORONAVÍRUSOVOM DISKURZE

75%

Dobrík Z.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2020

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vol. 85

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issue 3

307 – 323

EN

This study focuses on a comparative description and explication of certain phenomena associated with the use of language in coronavirus-related discourse which has occurred or been published in the mass media of Slovakia and Germany. One of the examined phenomena is discourse actors’ construction and reconstruction of meanings, specifically with regard to the expressions SARS-CoV-2 (koronavírus/Coronavirus), COVID-19, rúško/Mundschutz/mask, among others, primarily from the perspectives of the cognitive model of lexical meaning and xenolinguistics. The study also looks at the ways that the state (politicians, certain state officials) exercises its power in language interactions with the public.

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