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1

KANT, JUDGMENT AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT TRADITION

100%
Klimczyk J.
Etyka (Ethics)
|
2007
|
issue 40
144-159
EN
Kant is sometimes seen as 'the most adequate of the Social Contract theorists'. Although he seems to provide evidence for this view, it is not clear what exactly the role and meaning of consent in his theory is. The authoress argues that for Kant social contract is not a device of justification but an element in the process of judgment. Its role is to help us see if a proposed public law is rightful. The main line of her argument is as follows. First, she shows the differences between Kant's use of the idea of social contract and the use of it made by the authors of the Social Contract tradition. Secondly, she shows that Kant did not need any theory of social contract because for him social contract is a means of 'translation' of the abstract requirements of the Categorical Imperative into specific demands of justice for a particular political community. The conclusion is somewhat paradoxical: if Kant was a social contract theorist (and she believes he was) he is of a peculiar kind. His use of social contract articulates the conditions which make thinking in terms of 'possible consent' a theoretically fruitful and inspiring enterprise.
2

PROTÁGORAS JAKO TEORETIK SPOLEČENSKÉ SMLOUVY

100%
Myšička S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2011
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vol. 66
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issue 3
258-272
EN
In his theory of society Protagoras, one of the most influential sophist thinkers, applies a contractarian approach, similar in many respects to those of Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau. Protagoras, unlike Aristotle or Plato, was convinced that individual perceptions and beliefs as well as those of the body political are relative, because there is no uniform ground on which things could be perceived or experienced. He offers an evolutionary account of the development of human species, arguing that society is a result of a contract among its members, based on commonly shared and taught social virtues. On the other hand, Protagoras is not a nihilist: In his account there is still a possibility of an expertise within the polis, related to the good of the particular community.
3
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THE SOCIAL CONTRACT: A TOOL FOR TRANSFORMATION OR A RECIPE FOR CRISIS?

100%
Kallaur J.
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi
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2009
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issue 5(70)
39-45
EN
The author presents the path to the signing of a Social Contract for the years 2009-2011 by all eighteen trade unions active at 'Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. The Contract defines the most important elements of employment policy and worker development, including a plan for the restructuring of the company and voluntary resignation for compensation on the part of the employer
4

Koncepcja umowy społecznej Thomasa Hobbesa a idea społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu: podobieństwa i różnice

100%
Filek J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 882
5-26
EN
While some thinkers have already announced the decline of the idea of the social contract, the author believes it is definitely too early to relegate the idea to the dustbin of history. She therefore returns to the idea of the social contract and tries to read it anew, using the modern idea of corporate social responsibility. In her juxtaposition of the two ideas, the author points out many similarities but also significant differences between them. She eventually reaches the conclusion that the idea of corporate social responsibility is complementary to the previously accepted contract, a new approach that allows us to improve on the historical version’s lack of cohesion to accommodate our ever more rapidly changing world.
5

MATERIÁLNE JADRO ÚSTAVY A IMPERATÍV NEZMENITEĽNOSTI

88%
Krajáč A.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 4
336 – 345
EN
The article is focused on an analysis of a decision of Constitutional court of Slovak republic PL. ÚS 21/2014-96 from the viewpoint of core of constitution theory. The aim of this article is not only to describe and characterise theory of core of constitution, but to also present drawbacks of this theory. In the introduction we analyse the core of constitution and eternity clause concepts, followed by an analysis of this clause as a limitation of the power of people and constitutional body, continuing by description of the very concept of core of constitution. In the end we construct a logic argument proving that legal embodiment of constitutional core is not only legally irrational but also dangerous, because it serves as a way for legislation to avoid critique.
6
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ON THE (NON-)CONTRACTUAL NATURE OF RULES: CONTRASTING DURKHEIM AND BUCHANAN

88%
Valentinov V.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 6
522-534
EN
The paper examines the viewpoints of James Buchanan and Emile Durkheim on the question whether the maintenance of social order can be understood as resulting from contractual exchange of rational individuals. It is argued that neither Buchanan's normative individualism requires considering the maintenance of social order as an outcome of an exchange process, nor Durkheim's notion of moral integration requires embracing methodological holism. On this basis, the paper proposes an individualist understanding of social order as collective self-sufficiency rather than exchange. The broader implication of this argument is that institutions must be generally viewed as based on variable combinations of self-sufficiency and exchange as alternative mechanisms of gratifying human wants.
7

ENVIRONMENTALIZMUS AKO POLITICKÁ FILOZOFIA PRE 21. STOROČIE

75%
Sťahel R.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 1
1 – 13
EN
The author understands environmentalism as a stream of contemporary political philosophy based on the reflection of causes and possible effects of global environmental crisis as one of the most serious threats to current political system and global civilization as a whole. Considering the changes in social, technological and environmental starting conditions of the economic-political system – i.e. the consequences of the transition from the stable geologic-climate era of Holocene to the unstable era of Anthropocene – it is necessary to reconsider the basic premises, imperatives and conceptual frames of current economic-political system. The philosophical foundations of current economic-political system as well as the basic premises of environmentalism and concepts relevant to the reflection of current threats and risks were articulated in some of the writings of the founders of modern political thinking. The author’s focus is on the concept of civil and human rights, the concept of state of nature, and the concept of social contract, which could be of help in the examination of the crisis of current economic-political system as a whole and the environmentalism in particular. The author’s hypothesis is that the political philosophy of the 21st century must reflect the environmental preconditions and limits of the existence and forms of any economic-political system while taking into account that all economic and social activities have their impact on the quality and sustainability of the environment.
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