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1

OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF DISADVANTAGES IN EUROPE

100%
Želinský T., Mysíková M., Večerník J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2016
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vol. 64
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issue 3
197 – 217
EN
Empirical literature offers a number of studies suggesting that living conditions in childhood can significantly influence achievements and living conditions in adulthood. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: To what extent is the intergenerational transmission of poverty associated with social mobility (in terms of educational and occupational intergenerational mobility) in the European Union (and Iceland, Switzerland and Norway)? Our analyses are based on EU-SILC 2011, ‘Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages’ module microdata. Interpretations of the findings are based on the ordered logit models estimated at European and country levels. The results suggest that both educational and occupational mobility are in a statistically significant positive relationship with the intergenerational transmission of poverty (justified by a change in the perceived financial stress of the household).
2

Changes in social mobility in Hungary during the transition period

100%
Nemeth R.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2006
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vol. 16
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issue 4
19-35
EN
The paper analyzes social mobility data for Hungary from surveys conducted by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office in 1983, 1992 and 2000. The main focus is put on testing Treiman's modernization hypothesis that was posed in 1970 and is still widely cited in the context of transition. The fitted models are graphical models based on directed acyclic graphs and the values of marginal log-linear parameters (as proposed in Rudas, Bergsma, 2004) are used to gain insight into the strengths of associations. The main findings include that the process of status-attainment seems to be basically unchanged for women, but some of the Treiman-like associations move toward greater social closure. That is, our findings do not support the hypothesis of a trend toward increasing social mobility in Hungary between the early 1980s and 2000.
3

Heritage sociological study of traditional and modern rustic dwelling houses

100%
Tamaska M.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2006
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vol. 16
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issue 4
36-63
EN
The paper focuses on the social acceptance of rural dwelling houses. It is based on the theory of Hajnal Istvan, who was also inspired by the work of Durkheim. The type of dwelling is considered as a morphologic expression, i.e. the houses show the social change in the rural environment. The first group consists of the representatives of traditional rural dwelling houses. The second and third periods represent the socialist era: the typical single-storey houses with tent roofs, characteristic of the 1960s and 1970s, and the multi-storeyed white or grey houses of the 1980s. The fourth period tries to grip the dwelling demand of the differentiated, urbanized society after the change of regimes. It is important to mention that dwellings representing all of the four periods are to be found in the heritage of today's Hungarian villages. The questionnaire asks for the opinion of the persons who live or work in the surveyed buildings (N=400). Our findings verified the connection between new dwelling types and social change (mobilization). The survey showed a striking difference between the attitudes of strata to the values of built environment. The paper puts special stress on pre-WWII built heritage. In the answers different types of folklorisms can be observed. The 'everyday folklorism' preserves peasant values: the society represents a unitary world of taste, there are no differences in parameters of education, gender, age in the judgment of the four buildings scrutinized in detail. The mentality that measures the representational value of the house, its size, as well as the aspiration to the newest and the rejection of the old that is out of use or is simply considered anachronistic, can all be considered as peasant features. These kinds of after-effects of the peasant values are not compatible with the plural characteristic of modern civilized society, the judgment of taste that prefers the heritage of the old folk-architecture is labeled as extravagance. The 'artistic folklorism' establishes a higher status for traditional houses. This art of folklorism brings elements from the whole country. At the end is shown that some aspects of heritage determine rural development: villages preserving rural heritage have a special chance for development.
4

YOUNG ADULTS AT RISK. INCIDENCE OF INHERITANCE OF LOW ECONOMIC STATUS AND CONSTRAINTS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

100%
Rokicka E.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2007
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vol. 56
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issue 2
133-152
EN
The article presents findings of the survey conducted within the framework of the PROFIT project among young adults in eight European towns. The authoress attempts to assess the incidence of low socio- and economic status inheritance among the representatives of the investigated age group and to identify factors influencing the scope of their social mobility. The whole sample (1680 young Europeans) as well as samples from towns under study is a subject for statistical analysis.
5

THEORETICAL INSPIRATIONS TO THE PROFIT PROJECT. CONCEPTUALIZING THE INTERGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF INEQUALITIES (IIofI)

100%
Warzywoda-Kruszynska W.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2007
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vol. 56
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issue 2
15-26
EN
The author demonstrates possible ways of conceptualizing the phenomenon of Intergenerational Inheritance of Inequalities and its structural as well as micro-social determinants present in current academic discourses. Touching upon the key issues of the influence of family of origin and other factors impacting life trajectories of young people, the author takes note of controversies occurring within the discourses. These considerations make up a wide theoretical context for the studies on reproduction of social inequalities undertaken by the PROFIT project.
6
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MIGRACJA – EPIZOD CZY ETAP W ŻYCIU ZAWODOWYM?

100%
Grabowska-Lusińska I., Jaźwińska E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 4(150)
73-93
EN
The article deals with the interweaving relations between two types of social mobility: socio-occupational mobility, understood as the sequencing of an occupational career, and international geographical mobility. The introduction points to methodological challenges in conducting such analyses which demand an interplay of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Subsequent sections present both of them. The quantitative perspective facilitates the analysis of the sequence of job positions in Poland and act/s of migration. The occupational careers are divided into two types: stable and changeable. This approach allows for the analysis of occupational careers of migrants in comparison to the careers of the non-migrant population. The second part of the article explains the meaning of migration for the occupational lives of the people involved. This meaning may differ due to the various socio-economic opportunity structures of migrants and their own refl ections on the role of migration in their work life.
7

DO DOMESTIC WORKERS RETURN? PARADIGMS ON PAID DOMESTIC LABOR (Visszaternek a haztartasi alkalmazottak? Paradigmak a fizetett hazimunkarol)

88%
Bartha E.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 4
68-86
EN
Paid domestic labor has experienced a remarkable growth since the 1980s - although in the 1970s many authors predicted the slow disappearance of domestic workers as a professional group parallel to the rise of the industrial societies. This new Renaissance of paid domestic work is inseparable from the global movement of labor - the overwhelming majority of paid domestic workers migrate from the developing countries to the developed, advanced capitalist world in the hope of higher wages and a better life. The paper introduces and critically evaluates the major paradigms of paid domestic work with respect to how they can inform the analysis of this contemporary social phenomenon. The review of the main paradigms of the English literature is expected to contribute to further empirical fieldwork in Hungary.
8

‘WE’LL HELP OURSELVES, BUT WHAT’S IN IT FOR US?’ CONFLICT, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL MOBILITY AMONG ROMA IN ROMANIA

88%
Ivasiuc A.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
365 – 378
EN
Roma-related development and policy discourse often represents the Roma development ‘subjects’ as disempowered victims. Against the pervasiveness of such narratives, a close look at the local level conflicts arising during the implementation of a World Bank development project in destitute Roma communities from Romania lays bare the strategies of unassisted social mobility in which a group of Roma engage. Not large or well-defined enough to be constituted into a real ‘class’ in sociological terms, this strategic group is made up of Roma civil servants (mediators, local experts, Romani language teachers) who negotiate their engagement in development projects on their own terms and use the material and immaterial resources that projects offer to enact their own upward social mobility. Often, though, this comes at the cost of a growing socio-economic gap between themselves and the most destitute parts of Roma communities, which complicates their involvement in development projects. The article underlines the necessity of taking into account both the strategies of unassisted social mobility of Roma development brokers, and the internal power imbalances that the development apparatus inevitably ends up producing in Roma communities.
9
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RETURN TO AND DEPARTURE FROM SOCIAL ORIGIN: TRENDS IN SOCIAL FLUIDITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC BETWEEN 1990 AND 2011

88%
Katrňák T., Fónadová L.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 6
655 – 685
EN
The authors analyse trends in social fluidity between 1990 and 2011 in Czech society and examine how the transition from socialism to capitalism has affected these trends. The data consist of 28 annual surveys conducted in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2011 (N=28,726). The results show that social fluidity in Czech society decreased between 1989 and 2000. This is the result of social change (the period effect), namely, intra generational changes, which the authors conceptualise as a return to social origin. These changes are related to the re-stratification of Czech society after 1989. The period of return to social origin ends sometime around the year 2000. After that, the trend reverses and social fluidity slowly increases. The authors argue that the period of return to social origin is replaced by a period of departure from social origin. This shift is the effect of the educational expansion that has occurred since 1989 in Czech society and cohort replacement.
10
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GRADUATES IN THE LABOUR MARKET: DOES SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND HAVE AN IMPACT? THE CASE OF HUNGARY

88%
Blasko Z., Robert P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2007
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vol. 43
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issue 6
1149-1173
EN
This article looks at the status attainment process of young Hungarian graduates, devoting special attention to the impact of social origin, defined as the education and occupation of parents. The authors' estimates show that graduates from high status families enjoy notable advantages in the labour market, even when type of education, field of study, and a range of labour market experience factors are held constant. The greatest wage-premium for coming from a 'good' family is measured for men, occurring four-to-five years after graduation. Patterns of status inheritance are found to be genderdependent, with women being more influenced by their social background at earlier phases of their careers. The authors argue that the substantial growth in the number of graduates and the increasing variety of jobs they occupy contribute to a social-selection process, moving further up from the educational ladder to the labour market. The authors describe possible mechanisms driving the direct inheritance of social advantages, but further research is needed to explore them in detail.
11

Methodological considerations of researches on school mobility

88%
Nagy P. T.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 3-4
82-92
EN
The article offers solution for weighting data which have been causing a recurring difficulty in all researches on social mobility: The data refering to the fathers of the surveyed person of the representative sample of a particular generational survey is not representative with regard to the father's generation, because the chance that fathers who had more than one child are more often remembered is higher than in case of those who had only one single child. (weight=1 (the number of borthers/sisters of the surveyed person+1) ) The present experiment confirms that : 1. relying on the method of weighting one can obtain more insight into the generation of fathers than without this method, 2. the mobility toward the group of the Hungarian basic, as well as toward the group of the higher educational system is siginificantly higher than previously assumed.
12
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MOBILNOŚĆ PRZESTRZENNA, SPOŁECZNA I KARIERY ZAWODOWE MIGRANTÓW: CELE, PROBLEMY I PODEJŚCIA BADAWCZE

88%
Grabowska-Lusińska I., Jaźwińska E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2012
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vol. 38
|
issue 2(144)
71-104
EN
The social and geographical mobility, including international migration, interlink and interplay but are approached by different research methods. This article makes an effort to combine these approaches of researching mobility. The studies on social and occupational mobility of migrants may relate to, at least, three dimensions: (1) between sending and receiving countries (a comparison of the pre-departure and during migration socio-occupational positions of migrants); (2) in the receiving country (socio-occupational positions of migrants are compared to those of natives); (3) in the sending country (a comparison of the pre-on-post migration socio-occupational positions of migrants). The article considers the third approach. First part relates to the critical analysis of various approaches of researching social mobility and international mobility. In the following, as based on the nearly two decades of studies of Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, various options of analyses of occupational careers of international migrants have been presented. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been taken into account in this article. Therefore, this article made possible an analysis of pros and cons of both approaches and brought an evidence that they complement each other while studying occupational careers of migrants.
13
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MEDZIGENERAČNÁ SOCIÁLNA MOBILITA NA SLOVENSKU

88%
Džambazovič R., Gerbery D.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2018
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vol. 50
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issue 4
396 – 428
EN
The paper offers actual findings on intergenerational social mobility in Slovakia, which is understood as mobility within a class-based stratification system. It relies on neo-Weberian definition of social class and – based on theoretical and methodological reflection on the most used class schemas – it employs European Socio-economic Classification (ESeC). The authors distinguish between absolute and relative social mobility, referring to distinction between mobility induced by structural changes and social fluidity defined as chances to become a member of certain social class. The aim of the paper is to identify basic patterns of social mobility among men and women, including patterns of social mobility within different age cohorts. Presenting findings could contribute to filling the existing gap in this important field of sociological inquiry. In terms of absolute mobility, the most frequent form of mobility is represented by upward mobility, consisting mainly of “long” mobility. Among men, salariat and qualified manual workers represent classes with the strongest tendency to closeness. Among women, it holds true for salariat, lower professionals, and unqualified manual workers. In terms of relative mobility, chances to move within stratification system are unevenly distributed, especially at the top and the bottom of social structure. As result, identified “upgrade” of social class structure didn’t lead to significant equalization of mobility chances to climb the stratification ladder.
14

HOW ROMA MAYORS PENETRATE THE MUNICIPAL POWER STRUCTURES: RESISTING THE NON-ROMA DOMINANCE IN SLOVAK LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

75%
Hrustič T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
397–411
EN
This paper discusses the outcomes of power asymmetries in Slovak municipalities with Roma population and presents examples how local Roma leaders resist the non-Roma dominance by active participation in local elections. Presenting data from field research and long-term repeated observations, the paper shows successful strategies of elected Roma mayors who disrupt the usual perception of the Roma as objects of decision-making process and passive recipients of various policies. In these paternalistic beliefs Roma have never been seen as actors who can control resources, who could hold the political power and who could decide how to use the resources. Although the Roma have penetrated the power structures of many municipalities, they are not able to wipe out invisible ethnic boundaries, or, at least, to soften and disrupt them. However, as the text illustrates, it seems that the political power asymmetries in a significant number of municipalities are being balanced, nevertheless, the symbolic dominance and symbolic power of non-Roma still persists.
15
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Původ a studium bratří Konráda a Konstantina z Vechty

63%
Stočes J.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 2
91-112
EN
The paper presents the answers to the so-far unanswered questions concerning the origin of the eminent courtier of Wenceslas IV and later the archbishop of Prague, Konrad von Vechta, and his brother Konstantin. On the basis of a study of the sources, the author disproves the thesis on the two brothers being from the Bremen patrician family von Vechta, which has prevailed in the literature, and on the other hand documents that they came from the Puls family in Vechta. They left for Prague because of their university studies – Konstantin passed his baccalauréate exam at the Faculty of Arts in 1387 while Konrad was matriculated at the then independent Law University in 1390. Their later career indicates chat opportunities for social climbing were offered by a medieval university regardless of the degrees attained.
16

ADDRESS UNKNOWN: RESHAPING THE JEWISH LIVING SPACE AND SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE SLOVAK STATE (1939–1945)

63%
Lônčíková M.
Mesto a dejiny
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 1
112 – 126
EN
The social mobility is a relatively common phenomenon in society; however, in the period of the Slovak State (1939–1945) it was predominantly caused by the economic and social engineering of the single ruling Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party. Anti-Semitism was made one of the main pillars of the internal state policy. Systematic pauperisation of the Jewish community gradually affected each perspective of everyday life of Jews in Slovakia, including the limitation of Jewish people’s living space. This practice led to involuntary moving out from houses and flats in designated urban zones. Subsequently, this process culminated in the Aryanization of the housing formerly owned by Jews. The main aim of this contribution is to analyse spatial and social consequences of the reshaping of the Jewish housing opportunities with special interest in the entangled social mobility of both Jews and Gentiles, which will be mainly exemplified through selected cases from the Banská Bystrica district.
17

ASPECTS OF SOCIETAL STATUS IN THE ANCIENT SOCIAL PARADIGM

51%
Frank D. D.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2008
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vol. 25
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issue 4
535-554
EN
The essay mainly tries to make a comparison between the Old Babylonian Empire and the Hittite World, by empirically analysing the servants' rise from one social position to another. The author separately discusses status inconsistency in the Old Babylonian Empire and the integration of the ancient Oriental elite into the dimension of social status. Was there discrimination by gender in the Hettite labour market? What chances of mobility existed in the Egyptian army? The paper dwells on the problems of formal/informal prestige at length in the learned elite, not disregarding even such factors like emancipation, inheritance and law suits of slaves.
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