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Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2022
|
vol. 54
|
issue 6
544-568
EN
The paper explores the analytical benefits of the pragmatic sociology of critique for the study of autonomous movements. Based on a case study of public disputes concerning the Klinika social centre in Prague, it merges conceptual notions of social movement studies and the analysis of pre-figurative politics. These approaches differ in the data involved in analysis, researcher position, relationship between critique and hegemonic institutional order, and the publicity of the political actions. However, if understood from the pragmatic perspective of engagements, the two approaches feature different ontic levels of politics – strategic and pre-figurative. The paper claims that pragmatic sociology has much analytical capacity to include a wider range of data, emic and etic perspectives, and optically different types of politics. It also interprets institutional order as having agency and brings to light a plurality of urban meanings embedded in different levels of reality. However, the pragmatic approach is limited by its neglect of the spatial and temporal conditioning of public disputes.
EN
The text elaborates on the role of Argentinean human rights organization Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in constructing social memory and in imparting information about crimes of state terrorism and military dictatorship in Argentina in 1976-1983. Assuming that the memory about disappeared victims of military dictatorship and about crimes of state terrorism is the basis for constructing principles and activities of social movement of Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo), it was acknowledged that presenting the subject matter would require defining the concept of social memory, revealing functions of the past in the present and explaining the historical context of state terrorism in Argentina. The article will also discuss various elements of the concept of social memory, socio-cultural mechanisms of generating and supporting social memory, as well as the influence of the memory of the past on the collective identity. The pressure on institutionalized forgetting about events of the painful past will further be developed. The authoress also describes the activism and articulation of human rights activists - Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and four main areas of their activity: space, body, networks/information, motherhood. .
EN
The author analyses ten characteristic features of the contemporary anti-globalist movement thus providing evidence for the argument that it is an example of a 'new' new social movement. The anti-globalist movement exhibits a set of internal contradictions. For example, the uncivil tactics the movement employs clash with the civic nature of its sole rational objective, which is the grass-roots evolutionary modelling of institutions and civic communities. A consequence of this in-born paradox is the futility of anti-globalists' actions, which in turn entails the self-destruction tendency of the anti-globalist movement.
EN
The study brings an overview of selected transdisciplinary theoretical approaches to the study of urban movements and activism placed within the framework of civil society and social movements, focused on the region of Central and Eastern Europe, and seen from a social anthropological perspective. It attempts to challenge older academic writings that described civil society in Central and Eastern Europe as underdeveloped and weak, and presents research that points out a specific nature of activism in the countries of the region. It builds primarily on the concepts of civil society, social movements, urban movements and urban activism as presented by scholars both from “Western” and “Central and Eastern” European countries and demonstrates that after more than two decades since the fall of communism it is still important to take different historic, political, economic, social and cultural contexts into account when comparing urban movements and activism within Europe.
EN
The aim of the article, which processes the results of ethnographic research, is to interpret, with the example of the emergence and disappearance (transformation) of the Alternative Bloc network, the significance and functioning of fractions and networks of co-operation on the meso-mobilisation level in the LGBTQ movement in Spain. The study takes its departure from a characterisation of the movement as an ideologically polarised non-unified whole. Within that context, active fractions criticise the official politics of the state-supported Federation of LGBTQ Organisations and by means of protest campaigns, based on co-operation between ideologically related platforms of social movements in internationally supported networks, demand civic rights for all irrespective of sexual or gender identity. Even despite the disunity and antagonistic character of the protest actions, the newly-emerged networks cooperating on an international level have had a positive impact on the orientation and continuity of the entire LGBTQ movement in the country.
EN
In the process of adult education development next levels of educational activity and organization appeared. It begun with adult teaching, literacy, knowledge popularization, attempt to earn a degree. But since conference in Tokio (1972) theoretical and social issues of the process have been underlined to shape practice and theory of adult education. In the paper definitions of adult education are analyzed given by R. Wroczyński, W. Okoń, F. Urbańczyk, H. Radlińska as well as foreign authors, recommendations of adult education conferences in Tokio, Exeter, Paris extended in Hamburg and Belem. To understand modern changes in adult education conference in Lublana is essential, where outstanding specialists analyzed term “adult education” and gave new meaning to it. They also underlined that adult education is also a social movement, gathering people interested in development of this kind of activity, graduates and promoters of different forms of adult education. Author presents two examples of this. The first one is adult education practice in Sweden, where 13 education societies acts to develop adult education. The second one is the Great Britain where WEA (Working Education Association) is specially successful. Is was founded in 1903 to educate workers and now it helps to educate different social groups. This year WEA celebrates 110th anniversary and develops British adult education providing 30% of all adult education activities. It also organizes conferences, publishes books and periodicals, develops international cooperation. Also WEA’s branches developed in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries like Sweden where ABF acts since 1912 or Norway. Social aspect of adult education is important for institutional development, organization of regional and international cooperation and recommendations for successful adult education promotion and advancement in global perspective. Former recommendations were sustained and enriched at CONFINTEA VI in Belem in 2009.
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Naród jako ruch społeczny

63%
PL
Wielu badaczy zwracało uwagę na podobieństwo narodu do ruchu społecznego, lecz za tego typu konstatacjami nie szło użycie narzędzi socjologii ruchów społecznych (SRS). W niniejszym artykule chciałbym pokazać, że mogą one dostarczyć impulsu do rozwoju socjologii narodu. SRS posłuży mi do sformułowania definicji narodu jako ruchu społecznego oraz zrekonstruowania i zoperacjonalizowania zasad pełnego wyjaśnienia zjawisk narodowych. Aby udowodnić płodność takiego podejścia, zastosuję je do analizy jednego z najważniejszych procesów społecznych: powstania nowoczesnego narodu. Skupię się przy tym na przykładzie Galicji. Choć doczekał się on bardzo obfitej literatury przedmiotu, mam nadzieję pokazać, że SRS dostarcza nowego, pełniejszego opisu i wyjaśnienia owego fundamentalnego procesu. Artykuł kończy się refleksją, że tak jak SRS można stosować do analizy powstawania narodów, tak też można stosować ją do ich postnowoczesnej fazy rozwoju.
EN
Though a number of theorists pointed to similarities between nations and social movements, they did not employ instruments of social movement theory (SMT). The purpose of this article is to show fruitfulness of such an approach. Specifically, SMT will serve to define nation as a social movement as well as to conceptualize and operationalize full explanation of national phenomena. To demonstrate the validity of this approach, I apply it to an analysis of one of the most important social processes: construction of modern nations, whereby I focus on the example of Polish Galicia. Despite the many existing studies, I hope to prove that SMT provides a more innovative and exhaustive description and explanation of that fundamental process. The article concludes by showing that SMT might be applied both to early as well as postmodern phase of development of nations.
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