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1

K PROBLÉMU NORIEM A NORMATIVITY: ZÁKLADNÉ KONCEPCIE A OTÁZKY

100%
Višňovský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 5
386-396
EN
The paper presents the problem of norms and normativity in its broad scope and relevance for philosophy and social theory. In section one, the author provides a brief outline of his topic as present in the history of philosophy. Section two deals with a variety of approaches towards defining the concept of norms. Section three is devoted to the concept of social norms. Social norms are social representations (and social facts) comprising both mental and behavioral attributes such as beliefs of 'ougthness' to act in a certain way, consciousness of risk of exclusion in case of failure to act in a given way, real social obligations and conformity, etc. In conclusion, the author points to the topicality of the questions arising with respect to norms in the contemporary social context and practice.
2
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THE NEW DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMS

100%
Kowalska J.
Etnografia Polska
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2004
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vol. 48
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issue 1-2
99-111
EN
When studying our own culture we are in danger of falling into platitudes, clichés and simplifications and it is by no means easy to obtain a new, fresh look. Fortunately, the possibility of sharpening and refining our perception has been proved by a number of studies published in the 1990s. They confirm that ethnologists use the depth of focus quite properly, recording and analyzing phenomena 'within their reach', even when they point their camera at themselves, as the amateur film-maker does. Poland, for the last 15 years, has experienced rapid transformation of the forms of interpersonal relationships and of interactions. Many social norms and the basic canons of ethics have been changing for much longer. General political and social situation of the 1980s allowed neither for extensive external contacts nor free flow of information. After the restrictions had been slackened and later disappeared, the Polish society became involved into changes happening at bewildering speed that for its considerable part were not only difficult to accept but also hardly possible to perceive. Besides, there was an enormous import of new cultural patterns, meanings and messages not known within Polish culture before, some of them even incompatible with it.The authoress has distinguished so far three groups of issues stemming from the interwoven fabric of new and old elements. The first and largest group could be referred to as 'the theatre of everyday behaviour'. It includes people's everyday behaviour at home, at work and between these two areas of human activity. Relationships among household groups. Relationships and interactions among workmates. Forms and ways of self- presentation, roles people play and masks they wear. Especially worth studying are the patterns and scenarios of behaviour when people are somewhere 'between', 'on their way'. The second category of problems includes new forms of 'conversation' ranging from complete anonymity to extreme exhibitionism and from refusal of communication to imposing oneself. These forms of communication include talk-shows and interactive TV programs, together with TV shows of the 'Big Brother' and reality show type. Problems of new forms of reality belong to the third group.
3

NIEKTORÉ EVOLUČNÉ POHĽADY NA SOCIÁLNE A MORÁLNE NORMY

100%
Popper M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 7
634-645
EN
The paper sheds light on different approaches to normativity and on current tendencies to consider social and moral norms from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. The main objective of the paper is to show the similarities as well as differences between social and moral norms. Further, the author argues, that the different characteristics, such as the influence of an external authority, the role of emotions and the role of conscious and subconscious judgments are not qualitative, but rather quantitative. Although the moral norms are more universal and breaking them involves more emotions, the role of the social context is as important as with social norms.
4

CYBER BYSTANDERS, AFFECTIVE EMPATHY AND SOCIAL NORMS

100%
Kozubal M., Szuster A., Barlińska J.
Studia Psychologica
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2019
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vol. 61
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issue 2
120 – 131
EN
The main aim of the study was to examine the influence of affective empathy and social norms on preventing behaviour of cyber bystanders reinforcing cyberbullying. 219 students took part in an experiment conducted in junior high and high schools from three Polish school districts. The goal of the experiment was to check whether the students would forward or delete a humiliating picture. The results indicate a strong impact of previous experiences as a cyber perpetrator on cyber bystanders’ reinforcing behaviour and a relevant effect of affective empathy activation, which decreased the frequency of cyberbullying enhancing behaviour. No significant effect of gender or norm activation was found. Bystanders’ negative cyberbullying behaviour was effectively reduced through norm priming only in the case of those individuals who were able to appropriately verbalize the contents of violated norms. It indicates that the regulatory role of social norms is subject to cognitive understanding of their contents.
5

SOCIÁLNÍ NORMY SOUKROMÉHO PRÁVA A JEJICH MÍSTO VE STRUKTUŘE SOUKROMÉHO PRÁVA

88%
Hurdík J.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 5
431 – 454
EN
The subject-matter of the paper is particular set of questions, linked to the concept of social aiming of private law, and also the following question, which is the capacity of the private law to absorb legal regulation of the social model. The paper is focused mainly on the development and actual situation of the social models of the member countries of European Union and on the development, actual situation and future tendencies of European social model as regulatory system. Last but not least, the contribution is aimed also at the characterization of the principles and regulatory rules, used by the private law concept, esp. at their ability to support the implementation of the social model(s) into the legal regulation.
6

О ЧУВСТВЕ ВИНЫ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКОВОМ СОЗНАНИИ

88%
Bočkarev A. E.
Slavica Slovaca
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2017
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vol. 52
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issue 1
16 - 26
EN
This publication explores the ways of displaying guilt in the Russian language conscience. According to the National Corpus of the Russian language guilt is defined in different contexts as cause and bad act as well as feeling. As a cause of something wrong it is related to coincidence, national mentality, curiosity, love and fate; as a bad act it is related to fault, adultery, alcoholism and crime; as a feeling of responsibility for such wrongs, whether real or imagined, it is related to pang of remorse, conscience, shame and fear. And we can estimate the degree of guilt, as such, only in regard to any social norm as moral or penal law. In this way, the analysed emotional concept is constant and variable at the same time: constant as an object of understanding, variable as a contextual meaning.
7

CONFESSIONALLY MIXED MARRIAGES. LEGAL NORMS AND SOCIAL PRACTICE IN THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY UP TO 1848

88%
Šoltés P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 5
813 – 845
EN
The aim of the study is to present the development of ecclesiastical and civil legal norms regulating the conclusion of mixed marriages and the question of the religious allegiance of children in the Kingdom of Hungary. It analyses the interventions of the state authorities and the Catholic Church in the period from the middle of the 18th century to the revolution of 1848. Joseph II’s ecclesiastical policies created a new legal framework in which the interests and aims of the state and the Catholic Church began to diverge. During the Napoleonic Wars and especially in the reform period, mixed marriages became a subject of politicization and struggle between the liberal opposition and the conservative pro-government group supported by the Catholic hierarchy. The study also includes a sounding into the discourse of the time and analyses representative texts of both Catholic and Protestant origin. In the final part, the author considers the social strategies developed in confessional mixed local communities in reaction to the disciplinary pressure from the authorities.
8

COLLECTIVE RITUALS IN TIMES OF THE COVID-19 QUARANTINE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLECTIVE APPLAUSE AND IDENTITY FUSION

75%
Lobato R. M., Sainz M.
Studia Psychologica
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2021
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vol. 63
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issue 3
278 – 290
EN
Several initiatives are arising to counterbalance the consequences of psychical distance, motivated by COVID-19, by reinforcing social ties. In this project, we focus on analysing the relationships between participating in collective applause (i.e., a collective ritual), reinforcement of collective/relational ties, identity fusion, and compliance with quarantine norms. We carried out a study during the COVID-19 quarantine (N = 568) with people who were legally obliged to stay home. Our results indicate that participating in collective rituals relates to collective and relational ties with in-group members. This, in turn, is associated with the strength of identity fusion and the perception that other in-group members comply with quarantine norms. Thus, under the influence of a common fate that invariably threatens the lives of a large part of the population, participating in collective rituals positively relates to an increase in the sense of belonging and common identity.
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