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1

HOMO SOCIOLOGICUS: CO SE SKRÝVÁ ZA TÉMATEM SOCIÁLNÍCH ROLÍ

100%

Šubrt J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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vol. 49

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issue 2

203 – 230

EN

This study is focused on the topic of social roles and concepts associated with it. It concerns the thematic and paradigmatic contexts in which the concept of social roles appeared and what perspectives it has opened in sociology. Special attention is paid to Dahrendorf´s book Homo Sociologicus, to the questions raised by this work, and how answers to them have been sought. The study goes on to explain how during the 70's and 80's the interest of sociologists moved from the topic of roles to the issue of social actors. In conclusion it considers why today it could be helpful to go back to the concept of social roles and how lines of reasoning on this issue could be promising and beneficial for the further development of sociological theory.

2

RURAL WOMEN IN THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN POLAND

100%

Gutkowska K.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2004

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issue 1(122)

80-99

EN

Rural women in Poland are characterised by specific features which, in a large measure, are the result of multifunctional roles that they play in their families, households and farms. These specific features are also attributable to the special character of village communities, whose significance diminished due to industrialisation and urbanisation processes but which has been recently assuming a new dimension in the changed social and economic conditions in Poland. The multifunctionality of roles fulfilled by rural women has its source in many-sided ties linking them in a different degree to work on a farm. Rural woman perform duties of vocational character, render services to their families, are socially active outside their households and ever more frequently engage in ventures that allow them to earn additional money (for example, they offer accommodation to and cook for holidaymakers, render services to other farms and independently carry out various economic activities). Housework done by rural women covers a wide range of duties - from cooking, storage and processing of food, washing, cleaning, choosing and arranging furniture and equipment at their homes and keeping them tidy - to raising children, making decisions concerning the functioning and organisation of households. The period of economic transformation in Poland has led to modifications both in the roles fulfilled by rural women and in their mutual relations, which sometimes showed disharmony caused by restrictions preventing them from fulfilling individual functions and tasks in a satisfying way.

3

POLITICAL ROLE OF A (POLITICAL) PHILOSOPHER IN POLIS ACCORDING TO ALASDAIR MACINTYRE (Rola i odpowiedzialnosc filozofa polityki w polis wedle A. MacIntyre'a.)

88%

Piekarski R. M.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 4(49)

7-12

EN

What makes a philosopher direct his attention to the word of politics? An event and moral evil with which ordinary people cannot cope and do not even know what to think about. This is the case of Plato, T. Hobbes, L. Strauss, K. Jaspers. It can also be a quest for reconciliation with reality which the philosopher finds unacceptable. This is the case of Aristotle, Hegel, M. Walzer and A. MacIntyre. In both cases the philosopher distances himself from the social order and current dynamics of the world power. He remains in the domain of concepts and theories and is able to pass from a pure knowledge about the world to practical conclusions. Philosopher himself does not act but he provides premises for decisions and political activity of authorities or citizens. Strauss witnessed the collapse of both totalitarian systems of XX century, which he conceived as consequences of errors of the whole post-Enlightenment modernity. Jaspers searched for political guilt in the past of Germany and in omissions of European nations after World War I. According to Arendt Europeans, and German in particular, suffered for both moral and intellectual decay of judgment (Urteilskraft). Walzer searches for reconciliation of the philosopher with the democracy, a reconciliation difficult for both parties. MacIntyre is quite a radical critic of capitalist modernity who searches for relatively gentle forms of therapy. How does he portrait the figure of philosopher who is critical to modernity? And what are his intellectual virtues? What remedies does he give to the dynamics of the contemporary social word of globalization? These questions the Author tries to answer by comparing MacIntyre's line of reasoning with those of the other authors mentioned above.

4

THE INTELLECTUAL IN REVOLUTION (Intelektualista (w) rewolucji)

75%

Cwikla P.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2009

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issue 2(193)

55-76

EN

The author tries to examine the social role of an intellectual in days of revolution. The author focuses on the meaning of an idea - an abstraction, which begins to have an impact on reality, transforming itself into ideology and creating ideologists. The problem is illustrated by biography of Camille Desmoulins, one of the main figures of French Revolution. The author also pays attention to possibility of using elements of sociological theory in order to interpret the revolutionary intellectual's motivations and aims. Florian Znaniecki's categories as put forth in 'Spoleczne role uczonych' as well as Alexis de Tocqueville's reflections regarding relationships between politics and ideologically engaged literature and journalism are also employed.

5

WOMAN IN RELIGION - JUDAISM AND KARAISM AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON WOMAN'S ROLE IN COMMUNITY

75%

Arcimowicz B.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 3

109-121

EN

Social role has a strong influence on people, they want to properly fulfil their roles to gain acceptation. At the same time, living in a predictable and comprehensible world demands that others behave according to their roles. The roles we fulfil have a great impact on our identity, other people perceive us and we perceive ourselves through the roles. The thesis of this article is that religion is the scriptwriter of social roles. As an example we take communities built on religion: Judaism and Karaism. These minorities survived until today having their own tradition and identity. The phenomenon is based on dualistic approach to woman's role in the community. On one hand they have been limited to the role of a mother and a wife, on the other hand they have been burdened with responsibility for survival - in a physical and metaphorical sense - of the community. The transmission of cultural heritage and identity of Jews and Karaites depended on them. Both the theory of social roles and religious laws and traditions will be shown outlining their influence on shaping woman's role in the community back then as well as nowadays.

6

Obraz kobiety w tabloidach „Super Ekspres” i „Fakt”— stereotypy, język i zdjęcia

63%

Lisowska K.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2011

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vol. 4

263-272

EN

The main idea of the article is to show the image of a woman in “Super Express” and “Fakt.” The analysis of three areas — stereotypes, language and photos — allowed to create a simple and coherent image of a woman. Conclusions refer to popular culture and the situation of Polish society. In the text linguists’ and media researchers’ articles were recalled, which placed the problem in a broader context.

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