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The Art of Adjustment. Social Policy in Singapore

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EN
Despite that Singapore is one of the most opened economies in the world and it has a very low level of the public expenditure on social security and welfare, it also has very sophisticated social policy system. It consists of three main institutions (Central Provident Fund, Housing Development Board and National Wages Council) which allow the Singaporean government not only to resolve some social problems but also to control the political system, the wage structure and the housing market of the island. The main characteristics of the social policy in Singapore are: extort thriftiness, flexibility and cooperation with foreign capital. Because the social policy in Singapore has been shaped by the economic openness and some elements of democracy, it is allowed to say that the future shape of the welfare mix in many others countries will be similar to the Singaporean institutional pattern
EN
The article discusses immigrant women arriving in Greece since 1990 from the Balkans and the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Immigrant women in Greece are usually domestic workers responding to the local population's needs for services connected mainly with children and the elderly. Using the biographical method based on life stories, the paper examines their actual position, their identity crisis and their status in relation to social welfare. The analysis concludes with the following observation: these women are vulnerable first as illegal immigrants and also because of the serious identity problem caused by the precariousness of their occupation.
EN
This dissertation provides comments on the essence of social security and developmental security as a status, process, value, need, and basic civil right as well as the role of the state in eliminating threats to such security. Issues related to the role of welfare as an institution of the state’s social policy in providing security to individuals and families in difficult or crisis situations have also been discussed. The dissertation describes the level of involvement of Krakow non-governmental organizations in running welfare institutions and providing high-quality public utility services as well as presents examples of good practices by Krakow non-governmental organizations providing social and developmental security to selected categories of people.
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