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AN EMIGRATORY VISION OF SOCIALISM (Emigracyjna wizja socjalizmu)

100%

Anna S.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

2010

vol. 36

issue 2(136)

55-72

After World War II, most Polish political parties active during the interwar period were forced to remain in exile and continue their activity. Among these parties was the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), which was established in 1892. Many well-known activists of the party such as Zygmunt Zaremba, Adam Ciolkosz, Adam Pragier and Tomasz Arciszewski, the last prime minister of the Polish government in exile recognized by the Western allies, settled in England. The Polish Socialist Party was part of the international social democracy, belonging to the Socialist International, set up in 1951 in Frankfurt, and Adam Ciolkosz was a member of the team which prepared the programmatic declaration on the International 'Aims and Tasks of 'Democratic Socialism'. Polish socialists in exile considered themselves representatives of the Polish society that could not freely express its views under Communist rule. The socialists were convinced that when Poland regained full independence, people in free elections would opt for their program. They called it the 'socialist alternative' to 'communist dictatorship.' In general, the PPS program coincided with the objectives of 'democratic socialism', although it must be admitted that PPS - in contrast to most social democratic parties of the West - never rejected the Marxist analysis of social phenomena. PPS worked very closely with the parties from socialist countries operating in exile and behind the Iron Curtain. The parties were grouped in the 'Socialist Union of Central-Eastern Europe'.

'NARROWMINDED, FOOLISH OPPORTUNISTS'. THE EARLY RADICAL BRITISH LEFT WING AND THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT

61%

Zandberg A.

Dzieje Najnowsze

2006

issue 1

3-18

A discussion of the attitude of the early British radical left wing organisations (i. a. the Social Democratic Federation, the Socialist League, the Socialist Labour Party, the Socialist Party of Great Britain, and the syndicalists) towards the trade union movement, with special emphasis on the social democrats. In contrast to many other European countries, in Great Britain the rise of strong trade unions was preceded by the emergence of a modern socialist movement. Limited to skilled workers, and to a great degree opposed to the conceptions of radical social transformation, the early trade union organisations were the object of determined criticism, and frequently even hostility, on the part of the British Marxists. During the 1880s the supporters of more active cooperation with representatives of the trade unions remained deprived of greater impact on the policies pursued by socialist organisations. The appearance of a 'new trade union movement' after 1889 modified the assessments of the trade union movement among the socialists, and even resulted in short-lived election collaboration within the Labour Representation Committee. A radical criticism of the trade unions remained, however, a lively current within the British radical left wing, represented predominantly by offshoot groups which had abandoned the social democracy at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the case of some of those groups, this criticism led to strong involvement in an effort to create alternative trade unions. Despite attempts made at the turn of the century, the social democrats, rent by inner controversies, proved incapable of establishing permanent and close cooperation with the trade union movement, a fact which contributed to rendering their marginal political status even more indelible.

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1 Dzieje Najnowsze

1 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Anna S.

1 Zandberg A.

1 2010

1 2006

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AN EMIGRATORY VISION OF SOCIALISM (Emigracyjna wizja socjalizmu)

'NARROWMINDED, FOOLISH OPPORTUNISTS'. THE EARLY RADICAL BRITISH LEFT WING AND THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT