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INDIVIDUAL AS A MODEL CATEGORY FOR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

100%
Surikova M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 2
136-160
EN
The article examines individualism as a kind of social organization typical for the modern societies. Although individualism is mostly analyzed as an ideology or the methodological approach, the author outlines how the individual becomes a model category for the social institutions and processes. Contrary to the ideological expectations the individual did not prove to be an appropriate category for social organization and that is why the sociological theory of individualism is needed. The main problem of social individualism resides in misunderstanding of the social elements and its functions, and consequently also in realization of the individual's sociality. These misunderstandings cause the apparent paradoxes, or dual face of the contemporary individualism, which represents e. g. phenomena of conformity, uncertainty, ambiguity and social exclusion. Rethinking individualism requires rethinking of the principles of the creating social groups and institutions. The central quality of the social groups became collectiveness as a result of the individualistic constructive processes and institutionalization of egalitarianism. Individualistic social organization represents specific kind of the social structure and processes.
2

EMPTY ALLISM

100%
Petho B.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 3
EN
When 5-year and 21-33-year follow-up examinations of mood disorder and schizophrenia patients were performed, a distinctive form of behaviour came to light. This was characterised by a formal socialisation that seemed forced but that was nevertheless spontaneous in its effectuation. There were no experiences behind it, i.e. it did not derive from positive psychopathological symptoms, either direct or of a compensatory nature. At the same time, it was regulated and given variety neither by a scale of values that shaped preferences nor by personal connections that differentiated between tendencies to communicate. It was neither configured nor modified by personal needs or initiatives. In this way, rigidly conformist behaviour was a successful strategy in everyday living in view of the fact that scope for action and work was artificially narrowed (sheltered employment, care home, well-ordered living conditions, routine tasks). She did not experience the world of self and others, but was alienated neither from herself nor from others. Sociality grew on the patient as a protective skin. The patient's allism, i.e. existence in terms of the presence of others, was empty. Newly outlined empty allism was observable primarily in the outcomes of catatonic patients. Additionally, the concept appears to be useful in research into postmodern society and civilisation.
3

KOMUNITA AKO AUTENTICKÝ DOMOV ČLOVEKA?

88%
Višňovský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 1
44-52
EN
The paper confronts two phenomena - home and community - which are of special interest not only for the philosophers, but also for sociologists, psychologists, political, social scientists, etc. In what sense is it possible that for an individual community be the most proper and essential space of co-being with others, deserving thus the name of authentic 'home' or, for that matter, a 'social home'? To answer this question, the author explores the various meanings of community and its metamorphoses in modernity up to our days. The common features of both, home and community, may be defined as security, protection (shelter), hand closeness of relationships, support, commitment, etc. On the other there are some problematic features, at least from the standpoint of liberal individuality, such as collectiveness, unity, discipline or even the power of illiberal community over individual. Despite all controversies, community in new visions (communicative, participative) remains the idea to be discussed and searched for.
4

SOCIÁLNA FILOZOFIA V DIELE BYTIE A ČAS SO ZVLÁŠTNYM ZRETEĽOM NA KIERKEGAARDOVU ROLU

88%
Thonhauser G.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 4
292 – 303
EN
This paper offers a systematic overview of the aspects of Heidegger’s Being and Time that are concerned with the understanding of human sociality. Three dimensions of Heidegger’s analysis are distinguished: self-being, caring-with and being-with-one-another. These dimensions can be enacted in different modalities on the spectrum of unownedness and ownedness. To keep matters simple, the author focuses on the unowned and owned extremes, distinguishing anyone-self and owned self, leaping in and leaping ahead solicitude, as well as the anyone and a people. His discussion of these key terms of the analysis in Being and Time focuses on investigating Kierkegaard’s role in the development of Heidegger’s thought.
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