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Polish language in the East Belarus. The sociolinguistic situation and remarks about language of Stajsk and Vesolovo

100%

Ostrowka M., Janowiak M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

2007

vol. 31

175-198

Stajsk and Wesolowo are villages in Belarus mainly inhabited by the Poles. They came into being as a result of the latest migration of the Polish country-folk at the beginning of the XX century. Polish peasants came to Belarus from the provinces of Radom, Kalisz, Piotrków, Lublin and Siedlce. In the interwar period the language used at homes and the language of prayer in every Polish family was a dialect brought from the Polish ethnic territories. They talked in Belarussian with their Belarussian neighbours (in a local dialect). After the WW II a disintegration of the Polish community occurred - the children and grandchildren of our informants attended Russian and Belarussian schools, mixed marriages were more and more common. This resulted in the disconnection of the Polish continuum in the middle generation - the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of our informants know the speech of their forefathers only passively. They are usually Russian-speaking. In the sphere of the sacred there are two languages used - the personal prayer and the confession in Polish, the service is officiated in Belarussian (by the priests from Poland). The Poles communicate in the local Belarussian dialect with their neighbours - Belarussians. The Polish language of our informants remains a well preserved dialect brought from the ethnic territories. It is confirmed by numerous phonetic or morphological features and the vocabulary. As far as the phonetic features are concerned these are: the labialization of the vowels 'o' and 'u'; the narrowing 'o>ó'; the remains of the existence of oblique 'a - aN > u'; the narrowing of the oblique 'a > o'; the narrowing of oblique 'e e > i/y'; the remains of pronouncing alveolar consonants as dental ones 'duzo, scypek, cforo'; the remains of preserving the hard 'l': 'xlyp, f cybuly'. The Poles from Stajsk and Wesolowo possessed a variety of East Slavic features, e.g.: soft 'l', voiced 'h': prohrama, hektar; pronouncing - 'a' in the place of '-o' and the lexicon concerning the soviet reality and economy: kolchoz, sowchoz, sielsawiet; the everyday life: duxofka, davlene, balnica, etc.

BABRUYSK DISTRICT - HOMELAND TO FLORIAN CZARNYSZEWICZ YESTERDAY AND TODAY (REPORT OF FIELD RESEARCH (Bobrujszczyna - ojczyzna Floriana Czarnyszewicza wczoraj i dzis (Raport z badan terenowych))

70%

Ostrowka M., Golachowska E.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

2011

vol. 35

Field research in Babruysk and vincinity taken up recently is part of research of the religious language of Catholics in former North-Eastern Polish Borderland and writings of Florian Czarnyszewicz, who comes from Babruysk Disctrict, the author of several novels, the most famous of which is called Nadberezhyntsy. The article presents short history of Babruysk with special attention drawn to cultural - educational problems and the dynamics of population development in this town. It shows functioning of the Catholic Church in Babruysk District in 20th and 21st centuries. It also discusses the language situation in the researched area which is as follows: the primary language in the town is Russian with elements of Belorussian. This language demonstrates great idiolectal diversity. People who live in the country and have never left it use a Belorussian dialect (which confirms the principle that living in the country favours preserving the dialect). The Polish language is present only during the liturgy and prayers of the eldest generation. During Masses said in Polish the Polish language is used for Eucharistic Liturgy but during the Liturgy of the Word Polish is present only for the reading. The sermon is preached in Belorussian. Belorussian is also used for pastoral announcements. Numerous participants of the Mass can be the proof of attachment to the Polish language as the language of liturgy. During the research trip we visited four cemetaries where we photographed 87 tombs. As for these tombs, we were certain that they belonged to Poles (as surnames, names or father's names indicated). 33 inscriptions out of this number were engraved in Latin alphabet. We could observe mixing Latin types with Cyrillic ones. The appendix given at the end of the article contains texts of an informant from Prodwin written phonetically.

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2 Acta Baltico-Slavica

2 Ostrowka M.

1 Golachowska E.

1 Janowiak M.

1 2011

1 2007

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Polish language in the East Belarus. The sociolinguistic situation and remarks about language of Stajsk and Vesolovo

BABRUYSK DISTRICT - HOMELAND TO FLORIAN CZARNYSZEWICZ YESTERDAY AND TODAY (REPORT OF FIELD RESEARCH (Bobrujszczyna - ojczyzna Floriana Czarnyszewicza wczoraj i dzis (Raport z badan terenowych))