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1

PROTÁGORAS JAKO TEORETIK SPOLEČENSKÉ SMLOUVY

100%
Myšička S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2011
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vol. 66
|
issue 3
258-272
EN
In his theory of society Protagoras, one of the most influential sophist thinkers, applies a contractarian approach, similar in many respects to those of Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau. Protagoras, unlike Aristotle or Plato, was convinced that individual perceptions and beliefs as well as those of the body political are relative, because there is no uniform ground on which things could be perceived or experienced. He offers an evolutionary account of the development of human species, arguing that society is a result of a contract among its members, based on commonly shared and taught social virtues. On the other hand, Protagoras is not a nihilist: In his account there is still a possibility of an expertise within the polis, related to the good of the particular community.
2

ROLE OF SOCRATES, LYSIS, AND MENEXENUS IN PLATO’S LYSIS

88%
Evangelou G.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 3
195 – 211
EN
The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the value of the Lysis does not lie in Socrates’ puzzling treatment of φίλος and φιλία, but rather in the unique role that both Socrates and the other two main interlocutors, Lysis and Menexenus, assume in this Platonic dialogue. In the Lysis, Socrates plays the role of the sophist who uses errant logic, but with whom the young men are so infatuated that they simply agree with his every statement. Their inability to display critical thinking by challenging his flawed arguments constantly forces Socrates to revert to the role of the philosopher who refutes the points that he, himself, had just raised. The dialogue thus functions as a warning against blindly trusting the education of youths to sophists and potentially as an exercise for Plato’s students to detect problematic argumentation and to practise arguing against it.
3

ANTISTHENÉS: PRAKTICKÝ CHARAKTER SÓKRATOVSKEJ ETIKY

75%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
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vol. 65
|
issue 3
239-248
EN
The paper gives an outline of Antisthenes' ethics. The first part questions the accounts of modern historians, who try to include Antisthenes in one or other philosophical schools of that time (sophistics, socratism, cynicism). In the second part it shows the affiliations between Antisthenes' thinking and Socratic tradition: It comes out, that the interconnection between the former and sophistics and cynicism might have come into existence as late as in the later doxographic accounts of his doctrine. The third part deals in more details with the writings Kyros and Heracles, which exemplify a mimetic depiction of the way of acting of a Socratic sapient. The analysis of the preserved fragments shows that the Antisthenian ethics is practical differing from the Platonic conception of practice in that in moral knowledge and moral action became one. Thus it represents a non-theoretical expansion of Socratic ethics and as such cannot be grasped by the classical approaches which draw a sharp line between socratics and sophistics.
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