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TESTING OF SPATIAL ABILITY: CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF A NEW INSTRUMENT

100%
Květon P., Jelínek M., Vobořil D.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
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issue 3
233 – 252
EN
The aim of the paper is to describe the process of development and evaluation of a newly designed spatial ability test. It consists of two consecutive studies. In Study I (N = 267) we proposed 35 items equally divided into five subsets. The items were designed with respect to theoretically described spatial ability dimensions (spatial perception, orientation, visualization, relations, and mental rotation). Even though the five factor structural model fitted the data reasonably well, on the principle of parsimony we agreed on un-dimensional model. Items with the best parameters (n = 25) were considered as the final version of the test. In Study II (N = 124) we verified that there is no significant impact of the administration media (paper/pencil vs. computer-based). The test-retest stability with a six-week interval was acceptable (r = 0.796), and so was the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.752). We have found a modest correlation (r = 0.470) with the Spatial Reasoning subtest of the Intelligence Structure Test.
2

MENTAL ROTATION AND MOTOR EXPERTISE: STORAGE DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR BETTER PROCESSING

88%
Moreau D., Clerc J., Mansy-Dannay A., Gueurrien A.
Studia Psychologica
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 3
167 - 179
EN
Whether visual and spatial memory span accounts for part of the differences in three-dimensional mental rotation performance is currently debated in the field of spatial cognition. In order to further explore this issue, we assessed mental rotation, visual and spatial memory spans in a sample of elite and novice athletes in combat sports, an activity that has been linked to higher spatial ability. Although results yielded significant differences in mental rotation ability favouring elite athletes, there was no effect of sport expertise on either the visual or the spatial memory span task. In addition, correlations between the visual and spatial memory span tasks and the Mental Rotations Test were not significant, whereas there was a strong correlation between the visual and the spatial memory tasks. We further discuss these findings and their implication in explaining mental rotation differences, as well as toward a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive processes specifically involved in motor performance.
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