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EN
The paper presents basic aspects of local space quality i.e. spatial planning, spatial management, social and marketing ones. Besides in the paper the list of indicators enabling the distribution of spatial quality that have an impact on suitable development were presented, as well as, some key problems of spatial planning described
EN
As a rule, spatial planning should be an answer to the individual or collective requirements of a population that benefits from space. Over the years, attitudes towards what spatial planning really means and what role society and the state should play in it have changed. Planning objectives are defined according to the approach. Planning has always been regulated by law strictly connected with the ideology and political situation of the country in which it is being done. History provides numerous examples of planning measures that have taken place in hierarchical and asymmetric political systems. The requirements and expectations expressed in an individual or collective manner result from the various aspirations and preferences of the people, affiliation to social class or cultural patterns. In the process of planning, it is crucial to have broad knowledge of the subject matter and to confront it with the specifications and character of the space being planned. Bearing space, economy and/or social difficulties in mind, one can say that spatial planning is likely to impose spatial order or strong social conflict. That is why the relevant, varied and full participation of society in the process of planning is so important. A common approach to solving problems and taking action to satisfy social requirements where the local authorities are to be an instrument for realising aims should be standard practice.
EN
The main goal of this article is to assess changes in land use in recent industrial areas as a result of the implementation of market economy principles. Krakow has been chosen as an example because industrial production had a leading economic function under the centrally planned socialist economy. The author analyses in greater depth two selected urban blocks (spatial units surrounded by roads) situated in one of the 26 industrial-warehouse units that existed in the 1980s at a distance of 1.3–2 kilometres from the Main Market Square. He made use of various materials obtained during field research he carried out for his dissertation in 1983 and for this article, in August 2011. They enabled him to trace the evolution of land use over a period of nearly 30 years. His research uncovers essential changes in land use of the urban blocks analysed. Extensively used industrial and railway areas have been replaced by service areas (e.g. administrative, trade, tourist), residential areas (with multi-occupant high-standard housing), transport areas (road transport) as well as green spaces with modern architectural forms and technological designs.
EN
Processes of rural development require different actions and perspective planning support. This refers both to changes in the environment, as well as the processes of economic transformation or reducing the effects of demographic changes in rural areas in Germany. What is more, the basis of any planning process system is a balance between individual interests, ie, balancing the businesses of different actors. In order to develop the spatial planning at the local level in an appropriate way, plans should be described and assessed especially with regard to their efficiency, effectiveness, and their future impacts. This is served by a number of proven methods and indicators. In the article there are current approaches which aim to describe and evaluate the processes of spatial development in structurally weak rural areas in Germany. Starting from the systematic process for rural development in the Federal Republic of Germany presented are the basic theoretical and methodological approach to the collection and evaluation of individual processes at the local level of planning and administration. Next, current approaches to assessment of spatial development are presented, based on indicators. Particular emphasis was placed on the use of different assessment methods and the use of indicators. Moreover, the usefulness of these procedures of describing and evaluating rural development at the local level are presented.
EN
The polycentricism concept as the instrument and concept of territorial governance is broadly discussed as the development in the EU brought high concentration of economic activities and population in the central space of pentagon and this concentration seems to be supported by the integration processes and EU enlargement. Existing disparities between metropolitan areas and peripheral regions are multiplied by the differentiated benefits of multifunctional land-use. The concept of spatial-structural polycentricism in the combination with the concept of territorial capital and polycentric governance has ambitious to contribute to the development of new spatial quality in the EU.
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