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Řečový akt, řečové jednání a komunikační funkce výpovědi

100%
Hirschova M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2004
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vol. 65
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issue 3
163-174
EN
The article deals with the meaning and mutual relations of the terms speech act, speech action (Sprachhandlung) and communicative function of an utterance. The authoress' goal is to determine whether they can be considered synonymous. While the term speech act is synonymous with 'illocutionary act', the conceptual meaning of the other two terms differs. Though it is difficult to draw a sharp line between a speech act and a speech action/behavior, time span and demarcation (boundaries) are differentiating criteria. The most important distinguishing criterion is the concept of language (speech) behavior, which can be viewed not as a singular event (act), but rather as a complex event consisting of mutually mixed acts or as a continuum (sequence) of sub-acts resulting in one macro-act. A speech act is a static unit, received and comprehended as a result of dynamic speech action (activity), seen as a process without sharp boundaries. A speech act can be a constituent of a speech action, but not vice-versa. Any given language utterance operates on several levels of communication simultaneously, and each of these operations can be seen as a communicative function. When describing a communicative function, it is necessary to distinguish which respective level of communication is being analyzed.
2

OFFENCE AS A SPEECH ACT

100%
Batar L.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2007
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vol. 131
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issue 3
451-464
EN
This paper introduces 'offence' as a new kind of speech act. We can consider it to be the opposite of 'compliment'. The author suggests that verbal aggression is so common in everyday life that it needs to be thoroughly examined. He conducted a questionnaire survey of twelve questions with the participation of two groups of teenagers, 13-14 and 16-17 years of age, respectively. The first six questions concerned physical, and the last six questions referred to linguistic, aggression. The main goals of the research were the following: (1) To see the difference, if any, between the utterances of the two age groups. (2) To find out whether it is physical or verbal aggression that makes people respond in a more aggressive way. (3) To reveal how the level of verbal aggression changes in utterances depending on the speaker or on the seriousness of the insult.
3

ADRESÁT A ADRESÁCIA V SLOVENČINE

88%
Sokolová J., Sokol A.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
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issue 2
257 – 268
EN
This study focuses on the concept of the recipient in terms of (a) his/her intended and real semantic-pragmatic and communicative role, (b) language means used in addressing with illocution toward the recipient and (c) verification of communicative circumstances used in connection with the recipient in the speech acts according to the illocutionary functions because we build on the fact that a speech act is the most essential element of interaction. Our default methodological basis is the understanding of the dual – linguistic and communicative-pragmatic – status of the recipient, resulting in the systemic and functional approach. We will only explore Slovak. The material database will consist of the documents from the Slovak National Corpus because these documents are a representative sample capturing the speech used in different areas of communication. Our approach will be based on the verification of theoretical findings through discursive realizations.
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SELF-EXPRESSION IN SPEECH ACTS

75%
Witek M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 2
326 – 359
EN
Inn this paper my aim is to examine Mitchell S. Green’s notion of self-expression and the role it plays in his model of illocutionary communication. The paper is organized into three parts. In Section 2, after discussing Green’s notions of illocutionary speaker meaning and self-expression, I consider the contribution that self-expression makes to the mechanisms of intentional communication; in particular, I introduce the notion of proto-illocutionary speaker meaning and argue that it is necessary to account for acts overtly showing general commitments that are not ‘marked’ as being specific to one or another illocutionary force. In Section 3, I focus on Green’s account of expressive norms and argue that their function is to stabilize rather than constitute the structure of illocutionary signalling systems; moreover, I examine critically Green’s idea according to which expressive norms enable us to indicate the force of our speech acts and suggest that they play a key role in the mechanisms for epistemic vigilance. Finally, in Section 4, I elaborate on the idea of discourse-constituted thoughts—or, in other words, thoughts that exist in virtue of being expressed in making certain conversation-bound speech acts—and use it to develop a more comprehensive model of the expressive dimension of speech acts.
5

PÍSEMNÍ AKT. DERRIDA A SEARLE O PARAZITICKÉ PERFORMATIVITĚ

75%
Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 1
63 – 74
EN
The article introduces handwritten signature as a sort of performative. Contrary to the theory of speech acts, the author proposes to grasp it not as a speech act, but as a writing act inspired by Derrida’s deconstructive conception of parasitical iterability of the writing. In this perspective, the writing act is habited by an aporetical double bind, where ontologically “similar” and logically “identical” are pervading. The unsatisfiable metaphysical obligation of the civil identification via signature can be understood only thanks to the aporia of deferred meaning, where the only original is actually the deferral. As the analysis of the well-known polemics between Derrida and Searle shows, the deconstructed writing produces writing acts as parasitical performatives, which are far from communicational, citation and identification claim of Searle’s conception of speech acts. Finally, the article proposes a new revision of the differences in performative conception of sign in Austin, Searle, Derrida and Ronell.
6

Habermas' self-correction

75%
Dombos P.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 1-2
3-15
EN
Differences between some sentences in the original German text of 1981 and their English translation of 1984 were found in Volume 1 of Habermas's opus magnum. It turned out to be an accurate self-correction of Habermas, which created there a concise summary of the teleological aspects of his speech act theory. This improved the linguistic devotion of his argument, but weakened the practical, social influence of his theory of communicative action. Some other topics within the vast secondary literature on Habermas are also touched: the meanings of the key term 'Verstandigung' ('Understanding'), problems around the validity claims, the formal, procedural character of his theory, i.e. the lack of substantive, causal factors. The latter traits and - behind them - Habermas's close connection with the dominant philosophical trend of the 'linguistic turn' (Rorty 1967) are supposed to have led to the fact that Habermas's theory has failed to fulfil possible hopes about social mobilization effects in the late 20th century. Yet, Habermas's theory has vast significance. Besides complementing the 'paradigm of production' with the one of communicative interaction, enriching the notion of modem democracy, highlighting the significance of interpersonal social networks through the elaboration of the 'lifeworld' concept, Habermas's work in providing theoretical foundations to the problem of modernity is of key importance. Through analysing 'the unfinished project of modernity, of the Enlightenment', whose contemporary defects 'can only be made good by further enlightenment', Habermas sums up the essence of our age of globalization, of capitalism. He provides a program for all social scientific workshops still following the paradigm of historical progress and working for a developed, humane and democratic society, but sometimes being on the defensive today. The extension and supplementation of Habermas's theory of modernity, with a 'social turn' (Roderick 1986) and a 'causal turn' are being proposed.
7

ІНАВГУРАЦІЙНА ПРОМОВА ЯК МОВЛЕННЄВИЙ ЖАНР ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКОЇ РИТОРИКИ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ І СЛОВАЦЬКОМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

75%
Kondratenko N.
Slavica Slovaca
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2022
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vol. 57
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issue 1
33 - 46
EN
The inaugural speeches of two presidents – the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky on May 20, 2019 and the President of Slovakia Zuzana Čaputová on June 15, 2019 were studied by structural-semantic, linguocognitive and linguopragmatic parameters. The composition and structure of inaugural speeches are considered, the main semantic oppositions and concepts in the inaugural speeches of the Presidents of Ukraine and Slovakia are determined. The communicative intention, the main speech acts, and the communicative strategies on which the ritual presidential discourse is based are characterized.
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