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1

ON THE INTERRELATIONS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION PROCESSES IN CHILDREN

100%
Gosy M., Horvath V.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2006
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vol. 130
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issue 4
471-481
EN
Children's speech perception strategies, together with speech production, start developing from the very beginning of language acquisition. In the case of children exhibiting usual (normal) qualitative and quantitative changes, no dissociation is assumed between speaking and speech processing. However, observational data show that children's speech production may go on working properly for quite some time even if there is some hidden impairment in their speech processing abilities. This usually leads to learning difficulties and restricted cognitive operations. Little is known, furthermore, about the expected age-bound working of speech processing performance or indeed about the line of development and its characteristics. In a series of experiments, the authors have sought answers to a number of questions: (i) What level do the speech perception and comprehension processes under scrutiny reach between ages 4 and 9? (ii) What interrelationships do they exhibit? (iii) Exactly how can the fact of development be pinpointed? Test results of a total of 600 children (altogether over fifty thousand data) have been analysed with respect to speech perception and speech comprehension processes. The results have confirmed a particular cooperation among the individual perceptual processes: development can be accounted for in terms of a decrease of interconnections among various types of processing. The older the child is, the more pronounced the mutual independence of perceptual processes is, and that is what underlies the proper functioning of the whole mechanism.
2

THE INTERRELATIONS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION AND SPEECH COMPREHENSION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

100%
Gosy M.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
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vol. 131
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issue 2
129-143
EN
Children's first-language perception base and the operative strategies of their perceptual processes take shape gradually from age one onwards. A large amount of research deals with the analysis of children's speech processing; however, this is the first comprehensive study of the speech perception processes of Hungarian two- and three-year-olds (based on 3360 data of 52 children, using seven subtests of the GMP diagnostic procedure). The goal of the present study was to characterize the organization of speech decoding processes, the interrelations of speech perception and comprehension, as well as the strategies children use in them. The analysis proved the existence of a strong top-down decoding process that is entirely different from adults' processes. There were no significant differences across age groups but significant differences were found depending on the individual decoding processes. Children's speech perception shows enormous individual variation. The results are important also in the practice of speech therapy.
3
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FROM THE ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TO THE SEMANTICS OF WORDS – PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH ON RECOGNITION AND PRODUCTION OF SPEECH

75%
Rojczyk A.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
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vol. 64
249-260
EN
The paper concentrates on psycholinguistic processes which occur while decoding speech from the acoustic signal to a complete recognition of the word. The acoustic signal reaching the hearer fails to reveal any clear-cut phonemic boundaries or invariability, therefore different perception models refer to different sources in speech categorization. The reason for the fact that phonemic categories are so strongly blurred in the signal is coarticulation, which, despite its disruptive effect on the structure of the signal, appears to be crucial in increasing the effectiveness of speech recognition. Having processed the signal into distinct speech categories, the hearer searches for an appropriate lexeme in their lexicon. The process appears to rely strongly on two aspects; competition and neighbourhood. Lexemes congruent with the incoming speech signal are activated in parallel and compete for recognition. Lexemes in dense neighbourhood are activated differently from lexemes in sparse neighbourhood. In its final parts, the article discusses how the ability to write and read influences the phonological representation of words.
4

DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE - LANGUAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

63%
Csepe V.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 2
269-290
EN
There is increasing evidence suggesting that there are maturational and developmental sequences sensitive to the acoustic and linguistic environment to a different extent. The interaction of linguistic experience as well as the brain maturation and development can be best studied by various methods used in neuroscience. Research in developmental neuroscience focuses on infancy as well as on the first 5-6 years of age, the period when the developing brain is best able to absorb language, basically any language. Although the repertoire of speech sounds is uniquely processed by the brain from early on, the neural processes giving rise to brain activity changes are not exactly the same as those recorded in adults. As they grow, children get effective in sorting out speech sounds (phonemes) as building blocks used for composing words and in segmenting the acoustic flow into words by relying on rules and regularities. The review focuses on the developmental changes in processing segmental and suprasegmental cues of spoken utterances and gives an overview of the recent results of developmental cognitive neuroscience of this field. The analysis includes some relevant results of the Mismatch Negativity research and imaging data in order to describe the most important periods of fundamental processes during language development. Recent results on the dynamic functional and structural changes of the developing brain are also discussed as possible approach to understanding the neural code of development determining new periods in interaction with the linguistic environment
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