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ARE THERE GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN DISFLUENCY PHENOMENA? OR, ARE THERE 'MALE' AND 'FEMALE' DISFLUENCIES IN SPONTANEOUS SPEECH?

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Horvath V.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2007

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vol. 131

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issue 3

315-323

EN

Gender-related differences have long been a matter of interest for various disciplines, including linguistics, and specifically psycholinguistics, too. Verbal discrepancies observed in early infancy can also be attested in adults, with respect to language use, and to temporal and other characteristics of speech. The present paper seeks to find an answer to the question of whether differences between male and female speech, revealing hidden strategies of speech planning, can be detected in the disfluencies of spontaneous utterances. Our hypothesis was that men and women apply diverse strategies, of course not consciously, in order to resolve disharmonies based on the paradox of speech planning and implementation, revealed at the surface by preferences towards dissimilar types of disfluencies. In order to support that hypothesis, we have recorded the spontaneous speech of 18 adult speakers with the help of task-oriented dialogues. The results have born out our hypothesis: we have found differences both in the number of disfluencies (roughly twice as many were observed in the speech of male subjects than in that of female ones) and in their preferred types, a fact that was also corroborated by statistical analysis.

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CONJUNCTIONS AS META-TEXTUAL OPERATORS

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Banczerowski J.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2005

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vol. 129

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issue 4

488-495

EN

Examples from spontaneous speech suggest that conjunctions like 'and', 'but', 'because' may not fulfil their original functions of connecting words, constructions, or clauses; they do not even connect contexts that are situated far from one another: very often, they refer to contexts that are only represented in the operative memory of the information sender or the receiver. The point is that the sequences 'es' ('and'), '(na) es' ('and then'), 'de' ('but'), '(na) de' ('but then'),' mert' ('because') studied in this paper, do not necessarily behave as conjunctions in spontaneous speech but rather they play a meta-textual role and help spoken text production in that way.

3

On how language use changes over time

88%

Gosy M., Gyarmathy D.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2008

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vol. 132

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issue 2

206-221

EN

Most characteristics of language use are continually changing as time goes by. Studies describing linguistic change have so far largely ignored the area of speech planning processes and their observable consequences in spontaneous speech. In the present paper, disfluency phenomena were analyzed in two corpora recorded half a century apart. Present-day speakers' spontaneous speech is significantly more interspersed with disfluency phenomena (a total of 1754 occurrences in our data) than that recorded fifty years ago (568). Statistical analyses have revealed that hesitations, repetitions and error-type phenomena occur significantly more frequently with present-day speakers. In the earlier speakers' speech planning processes, the operation of lexical processes ran into more difficulty, whereas present-day speakers had more problems with finding the appropriate grammatical and phonological structure as well as with the monitoring of their transformations of thought into linguistic material. Underlying the differences observed in the occurrence of the various disfluency phenomena, an increasing amount of information that speakers now have to handle and their altered communicative needs can also be detected.

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3 Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

1 Banczerowski J.

1 Gosy M.

1 Gyarmathy D.

1 Horvath V.

1 2008

1 2007

1 2005

ARE THERE GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN DISFLUENCY PHENOMENA? OR, ARE THERE 'MALE' AND 'FEMALE' DISFLUENCIES IN SPONTANEOUS SPEECH?

CONJUNCTIONS AS META-TEXTUAL OPERATORS

On how language use changes over time