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1

LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY AND STANDARD SLOVAK

100%
Dolnik J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2008
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vol. 73
|
issue 1
30-41
EN
The author defines the concept ideology and on the basis of this definition determines the content of the term language ideology. The language ideology is held to be a system of standardized cognitive preferences related to the language, having the function of interpretative constructs that serves as a stabilizer of an interpretation of language corresponding to a social order. The expression 'related to the language' involves all aspects of the language that are relevant from the viewpoint of the power-linked metalanguage discourses. It is argued that the traditional approach to the Standard Slovak is under the influence of language ideology sustaining and sustained by social and political power. One of the consequences of this tradition is the maintenance of the structural functionalism adjusted to ideology.
2

A DOUBLE PROJECTION OF THE WORKS OF SAMO CZAMBEL

100%
Durovic L.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2007
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vol. 72
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issue 6
344-354
EN
A broad opinion in Slovakia considers the normative works by Samo Czambel (Slovensky pravopis, 1890 and Rukovať'... , 1902) to be the fundamental handbooks stabilizing the standard Slovak around the turn of centuries. However, the public opinion does not remember another aspect of Czambel's work. Unpublished verses from the author's younger years have been found in the Czambel archive, in which he is expressing doubt about the possibility of preserving his Slovak mother tongue even while obtaining a professional position, given the official pressure to magyarise. In this situation the best Slovak linguist of his time developed a tactic all of his own: he launched a theory that literary Slovak is deeply penetrated by Czech words and constructions, even though Slovak does not belong to the same Western Slavonic language group as Czech. These Czech elements are alien to the Slovak language, and the acquisition and command of this half-alien standard language therefore hinders Slovaks from learning Magyar, the only accepted language in public usage in that times Hungary. The Hungarian authorities should therefore help Slovaks in emancipating their language from the influence of Czech, helping them thereby to more easily acquire, and also mentally accept, Magyar. The article aims to show two faces of Czambel's work - on one hand the strengthening of the norm of the Slovak standard (literary) language and, on the other, his attempts to break up the old linguistic and cultural community of Slovaks and Czechs so as to facilitate the magyarisation of Slovaks in the pre-WW I Hungary.
3

RESEARCH OF HISTORY OF THE STANDARD SLOVAK LANGUAGE AND EUGEN JONA (Vyskum dejin spisovnej slovenciny a Eugen Jona)

100%
Muzikova K.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2010
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vol. 75
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issue 2
77-85
EN
In the first part of the paper the authoress deals with some methodological problems of research of the Slovak standard language history: 1) what is or what should be a subject of history of standard language research; 2) methods applied in study of arise and development of a standard language. She also refers to utilizing of new methodological approaches (e.g. sociolinguistic approach) in study of standard Slovak history. In the second part she points out the contribution of E. Jona to the Slovak standard history research. E. Jona with his works focused on the history of standard Slovak contributed to knowledge of its development as well as to construction of the methodology of this subject.
4

KRITICKÝ NÁHĽAD NA AUTOMATICKÝ PREKLADAČ DO ŠTÚROVSKEJ SLOVENČINY

100%
Habijanec S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2023
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vol. 88
|
issue 1
113 – 122
EN
The paper critically examines the web application “Ludevít”, which is intended to enable the translation of contemporary Standard Slovak into the Slovak language of Ľudovít Štúr as it was standardized in his foundational work Nauka reči slovenskej (1846). The application is based on relatively simple rules of transformation of graphemic clusters that are, as I demonstrate, insufficient to bridge the two major differences between Štúr’s language and Modern Standard Slovak. The first is the difference between the writing systems – in Štúr’s language the relationship between a grapheme and a phoneme was unambiguous, whereas in Modern Standard Slovak such is not the case. The second difference is related to a few, but, nevertheless, frequent endings that are not isomorphic in the two language systems. For these reasons “Ludevít” produces too many incorrect results to be considered a reliable language tool.
5

SYMETRIA A ASYMETRIA VO VZŤAHU SLABIKY A MORFÉMY V SLOVENČINE

88%
Sabol J., Ivančová L.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2014
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vol. 79
|
issue 3-4
131 - 144
EN
A theoretical-methodological starting point of the study is the relation of symmetry and asymmetry of language-semiotic units initiating two central semiotic substances – iconic-symbolic (with the symmetry between form and content) and arbitrary (with the “inherited” symmetry but predominantly with the asymmetry between form and content) semiotic principle from which basic binary oppositions in the language system creating intersection sets (motivating character – absence of motivation, associativeness – linearity, paradigmatic – syntagmatic nature, simultaneity – successiveness, etc.) are derived. Based on statistical research, the relation between symmetry and asymmetry is studied at “the lowest” surface of the language structure, namely between the syllable, a complex phonic unit from the area of form, and the morpheme, the smallest semantic unit of the language system. The examined material (4924 syllables and 6113 morphemes and sub-morphemes in a continual text) has shown that in the contemporary Slovak there is about one quarter of syllables in the symmetric relation with the morphemes.
6

VÍŤAZSTVÁ A PREHRY V ZÁPASOCH O PALATÁLNE Ľ V SPISOVNEJ SLOVENČINE – NAJMÄ V TZV. SLABEJ FONOLOGICKEJ POZÍCII

88%
Odrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2019
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vol. 84
|
issue 2
144 – 164
EN
The paper analyses the “long struggle” between authors who promote palatal ľ in standard Slovak regardless of their (phonologically weak or strong) position, and between authors that arise from current practice, which in the so-called weak position, i.e. in the position before e, i, í and before the so-called i-diphthongs (ie, ia, iu) use both palatal and non-palatal pronunciation, with non-palatal being more frequent. The author proposes to proceed also in codification so that at l in positions before e, i, í and before so-called i-diphthongs also recognized the variant pronunciation (soft and hard). This follows the proposals from the 1950 ́s, i.e. an event 60-70 years ago, but the author was driven mainly by contemporary sociolinguistic and pragmatic language research and living standards of (literary) Slovak. Such an attitude is also confronted in the article with the view that the mentioned principle could only apply to lower or even neutral pronunciation style, while for high style it should be left exclusively palatal ľ even in a weak position. The analysis shows that the opposite of ľe, ľi, ľia, ľie, ľiu/le, li, lia, lie, liu is based on the contrast between rural and urban Slovak.
7

WHEN WAS STUR'S STANDARD SLOVAK CODIFIED? (Kedy bola uzakonena sturovska spisovna slovencina?)

88%
Kralcak L.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2010
|
vol. 75
|
issue 4-5
239-247
EN
The methodology of school praxis, especially as regards the constructing of encyclopaedic knowledge, is based primarily on factual and historical classification of social phenomena. In this sense, the codification of written Stur's standard Slovak is primarily treated as a current historical event that should have its specific date. The problem is that indication of date which is in school classes traditionally signed to this event (year 1843) and generations of teachers present it to the students as a historical fact is not accurate. The aim of this paper is to show opportunity to choose the date from three major events associated with the codification ambition of Stur and his fellows. The paper deals with the detailed characteristics of these events and their interpretation as regards the codification of Stur's standard Slovak.
8

FONOLOGICKÝ SYSTÉM SPISOVNEJ ČEŠTINY Z TYPOLOGICKÉHO HĽADISKA V ŠIRŠOM KONTEXTE ZÁPADOSLOVANSKÝCH JAZYKOV

75%
Dudášová-Kriššáková J.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2012
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vol. 47
|
issue 1
3 - 18
EN
The subject of this study is confrontational description of similarities of the phonological system of standard Czech and Slovak in broader Slavonic context. The analysis has shown that the both languages belong to transitional type, which is situated in between lateral consonantal and vocalic types. In the three cited types, which represent the division of Slavonic languages from point of view of phonological typology, are not equally reflected internal tendencies of development inherited from Old Slavonic, but also its own development tendencies. The author also deals with unambiguous evaluation of some phonological phenomenon in modern Czech, which is conditioned by different theoretic-methodological approach to evaluation of these phenomena. Contemporary Czech linguistics withdraws from „prescription“ or from regulation of the language based on stated usage, and Czech linguists prefer description of real present condition of the language, so they study the language and describe what is it like, and how it can be recognized in real texts. Despite the fact that confrontational description of Czech and Slovak languages, much attention has been devoted to, there was not compared phonological system of both languages from typological point of view. The author was inspired by the typological analyses of Slavonic phonological systems by A. Isačenko - outstanding linguist and expert on Slavonic of Russian origin, who remarkably contributed to development of Czech and Slovak Slavistics. This theme is very topical because in phonological system of Czech, within about last thirty years, relations in vocalic and consonantic were principally revaluated. It is related to this fact that reinforcement of systemic position of several originally peripheral elements, which manifested itself in the point that statute of „fenoma“ was gained by more peripheral phenomena in vocalic as well as in consonantic subsystem which were evaluated as combinatory variants according to older conception. At the same time the description of some units of phonological system became more profound from the theoretical point of view.
9

SPISOVNÝ JAZYK A VÝVOJ NÁRODNEJ JEDNOTY SLOVÁKOV

75%
Dolník J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2023
|
vol. 88
|
issue 2
3 – 13
EN
The study is a response to the question: How has this society developed since the time of Ľ. Štúr from the point of view of the dynamics of national unity conditioned by the democratization of standard Slovak? For the development of the Slovak nation in the light of this language, democratization was of decisive importance, namely the control of the codified standard, and therefore linguistic correctness, and language-communication normality. The democratization of the codified norm and thus linguistic correctness has become the basis of the perception of language culture and a means of integrating the Slovaks as a national collective, ensuring their formal unity. The direction of the democratization of linguistic correctness is the optimal language culture as the control of a codified standard by basically every Slovak, but the democratization of the standard language also leads to the fact that it becomes the general mother tongue and natural linguistic correctness, i.e. natural language culture, is gradually enforced. This correctness and this culture are already manifestations of the transition of the national collective into a development phase of deeper – content, „true“ (according to Štúr) – unity and shifting attention from language to communication culture. The democratization of language-communication normality, which takes place as the expansion of the circle of „intimate language experts“ in the implementation of the adaptive potential of the language, in which the peculiarity of the mental culture – the „spirit of the nation“ – is manifested, is of fundamental importance for the turning point in the reorientation of the speakers of the standard language towards the communication culture. At this stage of development, the optimization of language culture grows into the optimization of communication culture governed by the principle of inclusion. In the Slovak language community, the discourse on authentic communication culture, based on a sense of collective identity, is becoming relevant.
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