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Patriarchát na socialistický způsob: k genderovému řádu státního socialismu

100%
Vodochodsky I.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2007
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vol. 8
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issue 2
34-42
EN
This text analyses the construction of gender relations in the state-socialist societies, namely the former Czechoslovakia. Main source of findings about these relations are sociological interpretations of 'gender under communism' written predominately for Western audiences after 1989. I propose several theoretical concepts suitable for understanding of the topic, including 'gender order', 'patriarchy', 'communist subject' and 'social organization of masculinity'. On the basis of the texts mentioned above I distinguish between two important processes of the construction of state socialist gender order, which I call 'the unfinished project of women's emancipation' and the 'changed public and private spheres'. Then I turn my attention to locating position of men in the state-socialist gender order. To understand the 'patriarchy of the state socialist type' I find it useful to recognize several types of relations between different groups of men as included in Robert Connell's concept of 'social organization of masculinity': hegemony, subordination, complicity and marginalization. I recognize subordination as the dominant form of masculinity in state-socialist society.
2

POZITÍVNA DEVIÁCIA V ČESKOSLOVENSKU V 80. ROKOCH: PRÍPAD BRATISLAVSKÉHO ENVIRONMENTÁLNEHO HNUTIA

88%
Čížová J., Ďurčo M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 3
461–486
EN
1980s Czechoslovakia provides the backdrop for an emergence of an approach to social change conceptualized within sociology as a positive deviance. The term is used to describe individuals and communities which defy negative behaviour patterns in society. The Normalization period in Czechoslovakia was generally characterized by passivity and reluctance to engage in public matters. It was within this atmosphere that the so-called “islands of positive deviance” became antidotes to general resignation and proved to be hotbeds of citizen activism, later paving the way for the emergence of civil society. One such example of activism within the setting of devastated nature in Slovakia was the Slovak environmental movement formally constituted under the Slovak Union of Nature and Landscape Protectors (SZOPK). The aim of this paper is to analyse the factors leading up to the transformation of an official, state-controlled organization into a well-respected social movement. Due to the broad scope of their pursuits, the paper mainly focuses on activities which raised their public profile and contributed to the spread of positive behaviour patterns in society.
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