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Slavica Slovaca
|
2020
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
427 – 434
EN
The article describes the issue of the perception of Great Moravia as a state. The author points out when the term “state” for Great Moravia was used for the first time in professional literature, as well as how other authors perceived Great Moravia, as well as what definition of state the authors used. The article further describes how the understanding of the legacy of Great Moravian history was politicized in individual periods. He points out that in the period after 1867 the question of Great Moravian history was mainly presented from the perspective of the defense of Palacký. After 1918, Great Moravia was a symbol of the historical unity of the Czechoslovak nation, and at the same time a suitable historical justification for the policy of Czechoslovakism. After 1939, Prince Pribina as the first ruler of Nitra was presented in Slovakia, and the unification of Great Moravia was presented as a violent act of aggression of the Czechs against the Slovaks. After 1948, the legacy of Great Moravia is again presented as the oldest state of Czechs and Slovaks (no longer one Czechoslovak nation). The author points out that although the conditions for the de-politicization of the perception of history occurred after 1989, this was not quite the case in Slovakia. In conclusion, the author points out in what way the perception of the history of Great Moravian statehood could be changed.
EN
State symbols are an organic part of formal symbols of statehood. They are an external manifestation of the State, an expression of its sovereignty, independency and integrity. From the view of the science of constitutional law different approaches to the definition of the term of state symbols are applied. The State symbols are subject of the regulation of supreme power, i.e. of the constitutional law. The Constitution of the Slovak Republic in Article 8 provides that State symbols of the Slovak Republic are national emblem, national flag, national seal and national anthem. The legislation stipulating the details on State symbols of the Slovak Republic and their use is the Act No 63/1993 Coll. on State symbols of the Slovak Republic and their use, as amended. The use of State symbols is also regulated by other legislation. The violation of the legislation regulating the State symbols is sanctioned in several ways. The State symbols are closely related to the symbols of other subjects of public power. The recent trends in the creation of national States, the ambivalent approach to the efforts at 'federalization' of the European Union and the intuitive understanding of State symbols as an expression of the idea of the State prove the irreplaceable function of State symbols in the existence of the State and society. State symbols, particularly at the time of creation of new States and at the beginning of their existence, contributed - together with renewed or new-created symbols of other public authorities - to the renaissance of civil society.
EN
The article focuses on the issues of retrospectives and perspectives of the choice of system of government in the history of Ukrainian statehood from the beginning of the 20th century until today. On the one hand, the study aims to systematize the evolution of political systems and systems of government within the framework of history of Ukrainian statehood. On the other hand, the research seeks to develop a holistic view of what are the risks and prospects of the current system of government in Ukraine. Given this, the article characterizes and systematizes the conditions and evolution of political systems, as well as basic political institutions in the triangle “the head of state – cabinet – parliament” in various historical states and state entities on the territory of contemporary Ukraine. Based on this, the author verifies the extent to which the current system of government in Ukraine follows the previous/historical inter-institutional designs and corresponds to the “path dependence” concept. Finally, special attention is paid to verification the argument that the current system of government in Ukraine needs to be reformed or optimized, including in view of institutional, political and legal heritage of political institutions in Ukraine in the past, as well as given the experience of other European countries.
EN
The traditional geopolitical idea of a union between Russia and Heartland does not conform to historical facts. If we conceive of the geopolitical axes as interconnections between the centres of power, we can identify three to five such axes: (a) towards Constantinople; (b) across the Baltic region and the Polish-German lowlands; (c) along the Black Sea; (d) towards Persia and the Golden Horde; (e) the Far East Axis. As a result, however, the core of the Russian statehood is not situated to the east of the Urals but rather to the west of the latter, i.e., on the East European plane. Fluctuation in the meaning and significance of these axes attributes the central role either to Kiev or to Moscow. This also helps to understand the unique role of Novgorod not only as a power centre but also as an alternative solution to the unification and arrangement of Russia.
EN
The proclamation of independence by Kosovo was considered by many commentators and politicians to be the only way of solving the problems in the functioning of the state and of overcoming the Albania-Serbian conflict. The author, referring to the concepts of sovereignty and statehood, analyzes whether the now independent state is a sovereign and equal subject on the international arena. She also investigates the problem of territorial integrity and efficient power as the necessary conditions of state functioning. The author explains to what extent the authorities of Kosovo represent the will of the sovereign, i.e. the people who live on its territory. The analysis includes not only Albanians, but also the largest minority in Kosovo, viz. the population of Serbian nationality. In the context of Albanian-Serbian relations in Kosovo it is investigated whether the state warrants Serbs all the constitutional rights and an appropriate level of economic development, as well as how far mutual relations between the two nations have improved.
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