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EN
Basing her discussion on the books of L. Susskind (2005) and L Smolin (2006) the authoress focuses on the controversy concerning the scientific character of string theory in contemporary physics. Since both authors referred to quote K.R. Popper, various aspects of his conception of falsificationism are discussed. Against this background some relations between methodology and metaphysical hypotheses also are examined.
EN
The paper is devoted to the philosophic-methodological analysis of two fundamental theories - the string theory and the loop quantum gravitation. The theories attempt to unify the general theory of the relativity and the quantum theory into one consistent theory that would describe, using a single language, universe as a unified dynamic system. The paper interprets the categories of 'space', 'time' and 'time-space'. It analyses differing approaches to defining the above mentioned categories by the theories as well as contributions they make in developing them. Similarly, it discusses certain theoretic-methodological problems arising for the theories in constructing the new theory.
EN
The paper outlines principal difficulties which arise when trying to construct a consistent fundamental theory of elementary particles and fields. Different proposals how to overcome these difficulties are discussed.
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