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1

Zmiany strukturalne w polskiej gospodarce. Doswiadczenia transformacji oraz perspektywy wynikajace z czlonkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

100%
Firszt D., Bolonek R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2011
|
issue 867
101-123
EN
The article is a synthetic depiction of the process of structural changes that arose in Poland in the years 1990–2007. Our aim is to show the basic trends in changes in the structure of the Polish economy by entity, sector, a variety of goods, technology, and geography. The analysis seeks to assess the rate of the changes and to decide whether they are a sign of modernisation. An attempt is also made to define the role of Poland’s integration process with the EU in stimulating structural changes originating in the Polish economy. We attempt to justify the belief that despite the strong results of the Polish economy as measured by long-term GDP dynamics, the structural transformations have not been optimal. We also examine the results of the transformation in the technology, employment, and international exchange spheres, among others.
2

DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF BELARUSSIAN AGRICULTURE IN 1990-2009 (Problemy rozwoju rolnictwa Bialorusi w latach 1990-2009)

100%
Dzun W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2010
|
issue 2(147)
35-48
EN
In the process of transition to the market economy Belarus rejected the concept of radical reforms (shock therapy) in favour of the concept of gradual transformation. Consequently, market mechanisms have not been created in agriculture and the top-down management of agricultural enterprises has not been abandoned up to this day. Belarus constitutes in this respect an exception among the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. However, the country's overall agricultural production decreased tangibly in 1990-1995 and in the following years stagnation continuing until 2003 was reported. In 2003 the level of agricultural production in Belarus was 22% lower than in 1990. Under the circumstances the central authorities of Belarus decided to accelerate the development of the country's food economy. According to the adopted assumptions, agricultural production was to grow by 45% in 2005-2010. However, in 2005-2009 it increased by not more than 24 %. The principal factor responsible for the lower than expected growth in agricultural production were difficulties in the development of agricultural production in family farms. In 2005-2008 the overall production in these farms declined by 5%. It seems that the decline occurred in the result of decisions to reduce assistance to the development of agricultural production and in the result of diminishing interest in the development of production - especially animal production, among a part of the population, due to the greater availability of food products on the market.
3
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Zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce polskiej

80%
Wysocki J., Kałowski A.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2012
|
vol. 1
|
issue 2
281-292
EN
Nowadays, among the most important factors which contribute to the general efficiency of the economy, there are the structural changes. The structural changes very frequently result in the change of the production structure and the structure of using the production factors in economy. Furthermore, the structural changes in the Polish economy proceed much faster than in other mature economies of the developed countries. Therefore, studying the structural changes in this case is quite complicated and it re-quires the application of appropriate methods. List of analysis prepared in this paper made it possible for the authors to identify the Polish economy's stage of development. It turned out that our economy stopped on a stage of the postindustrial society, which means that it still did not join the group of developed economies. Unfortunately, according to results of the analysis the Polish economy will remain on the same stage in the nearest future, without possibility to carry out this civilization leap.
4

DESAGRARIZATION OF POLISH RURAL AREAS - ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

80%
Musial W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2007
|
issue 3(136)
29-44
EN
Desagrarization of rural areas defined on the background of economy is a gradual and long lasting process of diminishing economic importance of agriculture for national economy. Considering the land factor it denotes a general decrease in the area and share of ploughlands in the total area but also their extensification and abandoning (fallowing). It also means minimizing the importance of farming as the source of employment and income for rural inhabitants. Although it is a desired process and supported by agrarian policy stimulating progress in agriculture and rural inhabitants' lives, it also brings about many changes which may be negative. It poses diverse production, economic, ecological and social problems which denote decreasing the importance of farming as employment, it creates unemployment leading to economic stratification and pathology in rural areas. In the sphere of culture is brings about vanishing of traditional folk culture, rituals and traditions connected with agriculture, as well as regress of farmer's work ethos. In the field of ecology desagrarization means increase in woodiness, greater share of fallows and wastelands and uncontrolled changes in the landscape. Desagrarization involves changes of worldwide and historical character and the area of state intervention is limited to diminishing and delaying in time its negative outcomes.
5
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Zmiany w strukturze obszarowej i własnościowej gospodarstw rolnych po wejściu w życie nowelizacji kodeksu cywilnego z 28 lipca 1990 r.

80%
Kosmęda P. M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
|
2010
|
vol. 8
69-81
EN
The historical turning point of the year 1989 led to fundamental changes in agricultural policy towards a free market economy and respect for private property. Liberal tendencies caused the resignation on the restrictions in trade and favouritism of the state ownership. Characteristic for the entire period of 1989–2009 was a progressive polarisation of the farms. Despite a slight annual decrease in the total number of farms, the area of the farms in two size groups: up to 2 hectares and above 20 hectares can be observed, including the biggest increase in the 30–50 hectares group. Such observation indicates that a dichotomous division into small farms, producing only to meet their own needs and organised agricultural enterprises, able to produce goods in substantial amounts existed. At the same time a slow process of concentration advanced, causing the increase of the average farm size. While the first 15 years since 1989 till 2004 could be recognised as a clear polarisation period, the last five years show a decline in the quantity of the smallest farms, up to 2 hectares shall, but still the tendency of the rising growth of the biggest farms can be noticed. It should be examined whether this process is associated only with the overall improvement of the economic situation after the year 2004, which supported the process of concentration or maybe also the consequence of the law on the formation of the agricultural system on 11th April 2003. Additionally it seems that the possibility of acceleration of the concentration processes could result from the creation opportunities for farmers in other sectors of the economy or in increasing the profitability of farming itself. Effective instrument capable of achieving this objectives are the programs carried out under the Common Agricultural Policy, althought it carries the risk of over-redistribution of resources, which can lead to a decrease in investment caused by excessive fiscal burdens needed to finance the agricultural projects. The main goal shall be the creation of large number of efficient farms capable to production and investing. This could be achieved through the implementation of mechanisms that will promote improvement of farm structure, e.g. by reducing the phenomena of unreasonable division of farms and facilitation of integration of the neighbourhood farms. As an interesting proposal must be considered a statutory pre-emptive right in favour of landowners adjacent to the property being sold as well as the exclusion of marginal agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes. The key problem seems to be the improvement the profitability of agriculture, which shall accelerate the process of concentration. Following the regulations of the Polish Constitution the family farms shall become support. Criterion for determining the existence of preferences shall be therefore the economic efficiency, regardless of the size of the area farm, included in legal regulations as a criterion of ensuring an adequate farm operating income. Such criterion could set the direction of transformations in agriculture as a whole, with particular emphasis on structural changes.
6

PRÍSTUPY K MERANIU A KVANTIFIKÁCII ŠTRUKTÚRNYCH ZMIEN V EKONOMIKE

80%
Melišek F.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 1
53-71
EN
The interdependent relations between economic growth and structural changes exist in the economy. While economic growth can be measured with one aggregate macroeconomic indicator such as gross domestic product or gross national product, in the area of the structural changes the measurement is more complex. The dynamics and intensity of the structural changes in the economy or their influence on the individual factors of economic growth cannot be measured by one indicator or by one paradigm. Many different approaches and methods of measurement and quantification of the structural changes exist in economics. In this article we tried to fixate on some of them: the index of specialization of sectors, index of concentration of industries, measurement of the intensity of the structural changes and the indicators of influence of the structural changes on the growth of labour productivity.
7
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Structural, Spatial And Functional Changes In The Development Of Entreprise Following Poland’s Accession To The European Union

70%
Sleszynski P.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
|
2010
|
issue numer specjalny / special issue
38-58
EN
The article provides a comparison of the dynamic increase in the number of enterprises relative to the working-age population in the private sector in the years 2001–2004 (the immediate pre-accession period) and 2004–2007 (the immediate post-accession period). The study was conducted with regard to the main sectors of economic activity (agriculture, industry, lower-order services and higher-order services), as well as the functional diversity of municipalities, or gminas (urban and suburban categories, transportation corridors, tourism, etc., for a total of 16 categories). The study indicates a decline, inertia, spatial polarisation and tessellated spatial structure of the development dynamic of private enterprises.
8
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INTEGRATION OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION: FROM BOOM TO CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE (part 2) (Integracja krajow Europy Wschodniej z Unia Europejska: od ozywienia do kryzysu (czesc II))

70%
Pouliquen A.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2011
|
issue 3(328)
EN
The article discusses the problems related to the accession of the Central and Eastern European countries to the European Union in 2004 and 2007. It presents the condition of agriculture in those countries right before the accession, paying particular attention to dual nature of agriculture, where small farms located next to farmers' houses coexisted with large state-owned and cooperative agricultural holdings. The article then describes structural changes in the agriculture of those countries, caused by the transformation of political and economic systems which led to ownership changes. As a result, new types of agricultural holdings appeared with various forms of ownership and different legal status, while the agricultural production decreased. The level and scope of aid for those countries before and after the accession to the European Union were also discussed, with special emphasis on direct payments. The positive impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on agriculture in new Member States was emphasized. However, despite a significant progress made, agriculture in those countries is still characterised by the lower land and workforce productivity than in the EU-15. New Member States, in particular Poland, Hungary and Lithuania, have achieved a significant progress in foreign trade in agri-food products.
9

K TVORBE A VYUŽÍVANIU STRATÉGIÍ ROZVOJA

70%
Okáli I.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 7
659 – 680
EN
The paper deals with development strategies as a tool of structural changes in the economy. The first part discusses the experience gained in creation development strategies of the Slovak economy after 2000. In the next section it devoted attention not only to differences between strategies, visions and forecasts, but also to their connections. There are considered rules of strategies – their relationship to economic research, combining analytical and synthetic viewpoints, interdisciplinary approach, variability of solutions, etc. A part of the article is an explanation of cognitive and practical functions of strategies studies. The conclusions look at strategies in the regulation of market economy and justify the need of their continuous innovation.
10
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INTEGRATION OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION: FROM BOOM TO CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE (Part 1) (Integracja krajow Europy Wschodniej z Unia Europejska: od ozywienia do kryzysu w rolnictwie (czesc I)

70%
Pouliquen A.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2011
|
issue 2(327)
3-40
EN
The article discusses the problems related to the accession of the Central and Eastern European countries to the European Union in 2004 and 2007. It presents the condition of agriculture in those countries right before the accession, paying particular attention to dual nature of agriculture, where small farms located next to farmers' houses coexisted with large state-owned and cooperative agricultural holdings. The article then describes structural changes in the agriculture of those countries, caused by the transformation of political and economic systems which led to ownership changes. As a result, new types of agricultural holdings appeared with various forms of ownership and different legal status, while the agricultural production decreased. The level and scope of aid for those countries before and after the accession to the European Union were also discussed, with special emphasis on direct payments. The positive impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on agriculture in new Member States was emphasized. However, despite a significant progress made, agriculture in those countries is still characterised by the lower land and workforce productivity than in the EU-15. New Member States, in particular Poland, Hungary and Lithuania, have achieved a significant progress in foreign trade in agri-food products.
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