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In the paper interdependences between the notions of hypothesis, justification and deviance are considered with reference to componential semantics based on two valued logic. The article comprises two parts. In the first part the notion of deviance and its relation to conventions of the natural language is discussed. Moreover, two types of semantic deviance namely contradiction and tautology are described. A deviance in utterances referring to extralinguistic objects and in metalanguage utterances is distinguished. The second part of the paper contains the analysis of the chosen semantic features of several Polish lexical units namely 'woda', 'widocznie', 'az', 'coraz' and 'coraz to'. Hypotheses concerning meanings of the units under consideration are justified using the method of inquiring to contradiction (tests of contradiction). In the paper usefulness of deviance in semantic research is confirmed.
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