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1

THE INFLUNECE OF POLAND'S INTEGRATION WITH EU ON THE ECONOMIC SITUATION OF POLISH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN 2004-2006

100%
Poczta W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2008
|
issue 1(138)
19-33
EN
The influence of Poland's integration with the European Union on changes in the economic situation of Polish agriculture had a special meaning for Poland's economy because of the relatively high share of agriculture in the country's economy and delays in the development of rural areas. Poland's accession to EU created possibilities for a swift equalisation of prices, led to an increase in demand and improved agriculture's income opportunities. All these changes brought about an improvement in the price scissors' index and, next, led to the stabilisation of prices. In 2006 growth in agriculture's proceeds exceeded 40% in comparison with 2003, its incomes nearly doubled and the share of EU subsidies in the total agricultural income came close to 50%.
2

THE COMPARISON OF CREDIT SUBSIDIES AND GUARANTEES IN TRANSITION AND POST-TRANSITION ECONOMIES

100%
Janda K.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 4
383-398
EN
We compare the welfare effects of government credit subsidies and guarantees in transition and post-transition economies in the conditions of asymmetric information. We show that the guarantees and subsidies targeted to low risk borrowers decrease efficiency while those targeted to high risk borrowers increase efficiency both in transition and post-transition economies. The uniform non-targeted guarantees improve welfare. The uniform subsidies may be used to improve welfare in the economy subjected to credit rationing, but they do not have any effect on the size of collateral required in post-transition economy.
3

DO R&D SUBSIDIES SUPPORT INNOVATION OR IMITATION? EVIDENCE FROM FOUR EU COUNTRIES

63%
Staněk R., Kvasnička M., Krčál O.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 9
909 – 924
EN
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of public R&D subsidies on the innovative activities of private firms in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Portugal. We investigate whether public R&D subsidies make firms’ activities more innovative. We measure these effects using firm-level data from the 2010 and 2012 Community Innovation Survey and estimated the effects by propensity score matching. We find that the subsidies do not fully crowd out private sources of R&D expenditure in any of these countries. However, there is a substantial heterogeneity in the impact of the subsidies on firms’ innovativeness. R&D subsidies do support true innovations in the Czech Republic and Germany, but they enhance only imitations in Bulgaria and Portugal.
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