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SZELETIAN OR NOT SZELETIAN. BIFACIAL INDUSTRIES FROM THREE OPEN-AIR MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC SITES FROM THE CSERHÁT MOUNTAINS (NORTHERN HUNGARY)

100%
Zandler K., Markó A., Péntek A.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
31 - 47
EN
During the last 15 years, three Middle Palaeolithic open-air sites were excavated in the Cserhát Mountains (Northern Hungary), lying at the northern periphery of the Great Hungarian Plain. The context was similar at each locality: the lithics were excavated from loess-like reddish or yellowish sediment from a depth of 50 – 100 cm beneath of the recent surface level. Bifacial worked leaf-shaped points and knives associated with side scrapers and end scrapers made on flakes were found at all sites but in different ratio. For the time being, the chronology of the assemblages is not clear enough, but the typological and technological attributes of the assemblages show few if any Upper Palaeolithic traits. In the present paper, the characteristics of the bifacial manufactured and leaf-shaped implements from the sites will be compared with an emphasis on their raw material types.
2
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SPIŠSKÉ PODHRADIE-DREVENÍK, AN IMPORTANT PALAEOLITHIC SITE OF THE LOWER SPIŠ

100%
Soják M., Wawrczak M.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
83 - 92
EN
This paper presents analysis of the chipped stone industry from the upland settlement in Spišské Podhradie-Dreveník. The site has been devastated by the exploitation of travertine. The survey yielded 33 artefacts which can be dated to the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic (Szeletian, Aurignacian), the Late Palaeolithic or the Mesolithic. Two bifacial retouched points and a combined end scraper/burin tool made of radiolarite can be dated to the Szeletian. As for raw materials, radiolarite prevails over patinated silicite and chocolate flint.
3
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WHAT ABOUT THE SZELETIAN LEAF POINT AS A FOSSILE DIRECTEUR?

100%
Mester Z.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
49 - 62
EN
The Szeletian is widely accepted as an industry of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Central Europe, characterized by the production of leaf points and associated with Neanderthals. In 1953, F. Prošek has introduced the term Szeletian for describing an already existing archaeological unit in Central Europe, which had been defined relative to the Solutrean of Western Europe. He did not define the new unit but applied the fourfold model Hungarian scholars established to describe the development of the Solutrean in Hungary, based solely upon leaf point typology. Here, I argue that the “Szeletian leaf point,” which is thought to characterize this unit, is a typologically undefined tool. However, the analyses of bifacial and leaf-shaped tools from Moravian and Hungarian sites, during the last decade, revealed the existence of certain basic forms which are frequent as far as they could represent types or sub-types among “Szeletian leaf points.” For being considered as fossile directeur, these types have to have something specific by which they can be distinguished from other leaf point types, and they have to appear exclusively in the context of Szeletian assemblages. To clarify it needs further joint researches by concerned Central European scholars. Until we cannot demonstrate the existence of a specific type of leaf point linked strictly to the Szeletian, it seems to be better to not use the “Szeletian leaf point” as a typological term.
4
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FIRST RESULTS OF USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF THE LEAF POINTS FROM MORAVANY NAD VÁHOM-DLHÁ

100%
Pyżewicz K., Nemergut A.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
63 - 82
EN
In the last century, a big number of specific poplar-leaf shape points were obtained during the archaeological research at the Moravany nad Váhom-Dlhá. The assemblage contains numerous points of various sizes, methods of production at different stages of completion. The paper presents the results of use-wear analysis of the selected leaf points from Moravany nad Váhom-Dlhá. The study focuses on the relation between the morphology, raw material use, size of the points and the character of macroscopic and microscopic traces associated with their use and hafting, as well as the localization on the points. However, from the aspect of use-wear analysis, the collection is a bit problematic. It has been obtained a long time ago, mostly in 1943 and 1963. Instead of being packed separately, numerous leaf points were stored together only in few boxes. Many of them are damaged either by production, or as a result of post depositional processes, lowering the visibility of the original use-wear traces. First microscopic analysis indicates that these types of tools were probably used as hunting equipment.
5

PALAEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN MORAVANY NAD VAHOM-DLHA. RESULTS OF JURAJ BARTA'S EXCAVATIONS IN 1963 AND 1990 (Paleoliticke osidlenie v Moravanoch nad Vahom-Dlhej. Vysledky vyskumov Juraja Bartu z rokov 1963 a 1990)

86%
Nemergut A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 2
183-206
EN
The study presents more complex compilation of J. Barta's revisory excavations at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha that were realised in 1963 and 1990. In more details it describes the methods used in the research, stratigraphic situation at the site and the analysed collection of chipped stone industry as well. Stone artefacts were found mostly in two layers one closely above the other. The cultural layer purportedly occurred in a fossil earth under topsoil prevailingly and rarely also in a layer of light loess. Mostly, they are made of local raw materials, such as radiolarites and quartz. Imported raw materials, obsidian and limnosilicite, are less frequent. The range of raw materials is complemented with silicificated sandstone. As the technology of chipped stone artefacts is concerned, a stone waste is the most numerous, which is followed by unretouched flakes, retouched tools, unretouched blades and cores. The most frequent implements are leaf-shaped points - the type with rounded base - and their fragments of various sizes and in connection with the retouch type in three variants: with overall flat retouch, partial flat retouch and without flat retouch. Their production is documented by finds of semi-products and waste as well at the site. Retouched blades and flakes are rather frequent, too. End-scrapers, side-scrapers, burins and combined tools are less frequent. Analysis of the tools technology and typology help date the site settlement into the Szeletian period. This is connected with the frequent occurrence of flat retouch on leaf-shaped points and on some other retouched tools as well. The stone tools composition with ample amount of leaf-shaped points, end-scrapers, side-scrapers, etc. together with usage of local raw materials and a big share of flakes in comparison to blades are typical characteristics. The site at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha is pointed out to have a big potential for deeper comprehension of the transitional period between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and its significance in prehistory.
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