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A Polish saint. Historical-national themes in Franz Liszt’s oratorio ‘St Stanislaus’

100%
Golianek R. D.
Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology
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2014
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issue 13
79-90
PL
Saint Stanislaus, a Polish bishop murdered in 1079 by King Boleslaus the Bold, is the title character of Franz Liszt’s oratorio St Stanislaus. The libretto of St Stanislaus has several authors - the first author was the Cracow man of letters and folklore scholar Lucjan Siemieński, whom Liszt asked to write a text for his oratorio. The libretto, completed in 1869, was translated by Peter Cornelius, who made certain changes to the order of events. Not until 1874 did Liszt set about writing the music for his oratorio in earnest, and that was when he asked Cornelius to revise the libretto. The author’s premature death thwarted that intention, and so Liszt was forced to seek other authors. The version prepared several years later by Karl Erdmann Edler finally met the composer’s expectations. In its final version, the libretto comprises four scenes, which form a logical sequence of events and at the same time serve to emphasise Stanislaus’ spiritual strength and the causative power of his actions. Liszt did riot succeed in setting the whole text of the libretto; the extant material covers only scenes 1 and 4. The musical style of St Stanislaus indicates that the composer drew on various types of musical inspiration and technique. Hence the work is characterised by a certain heterogeneity - a synthetic character that encapsulates a nineteenth-century aesthetics. Nevertheless, the oratorio is undoubtedly one of the most distinctive manifestations of Liszt’s interest in Polish subjects. The presence of quotations from the Polish songs ‘Boże, coś Polskę’ and ‘Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła’ lends the work a distinct national colouring and evokes a mood of solemnity and religious contemplation, as well as the aura of triumph, victory and domination. Such an attitude may be symptomatic of the typically nineteenth-century perception of Poland as a tormented nation deprived of its statehood, which thanks to its valour and resilience will ultimately regain its independence.
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Sprawa Stanisława ze Szczepanowa – koniec potężnego władcy i początek legendy świętego biskupa wobec faktów historycznych w zbiorowej pamięci

100%
Karcz D.
Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media
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2019
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vol. 4
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issue 2
9-28
EN
The paper depicts a tragic quarrel between bishop Stanislaus and a powerful monarch Bolesław II the Generous in the 11th century. The repercussions of this event shook the very foundations of the state and led to the exile of the ruler who had immersed himself in foreign affairs and, curiously enough, had been a great benefactor and a generous donor for the Polish Church. The bloody outcome of this confrontation came to be a fertile ground on which the legend of Stanislaus was to thrive. The legend would soon place him next to central figures of the reborn kingdom of Władysław I the Elbow-high who needed a new interpretation of homeland’s history in the aftermath of the unprecedented coronation in Cracow. Stanislaus’ hagiography is being born slowly and it is evidently shaped by political and social demand. Humble beginnings and harbingers of this process perceptible in the 12th century turn into a widespread phenomenon in the following decades. Eventually, thanks to Wincenty Kadłubek’s narrative and the work of Wincenty of Kielcza it was in 1253 that the canonization of Stanislaus could take place. Stanislaus’ road to the altars is juxtaposed by the author with a hypothetical reconstruction of the events offered by historians. Finally, it is against this background that he pictures a tremendously drastic fall of the monarch as well as other accompanying circumstances. It can be observed that the evaluation of the king was not univocal at first, which is moreover substantiated by the oldest written source connected with this event – Gallus Anonymous’ chronicle which came into existence 30 years later. Initially, the faults and reasons were proportionate. However, the emerging legend of saint Stanislaus, as the text shows, keeps distorting and dehumanizing the monarch making him into a thoughtless, heinous hothead who dared to raise his hand at the world of values represented by the bishop. In a considerable measure it is the upshot of interpretations imposed by 13th century standards. The paper draws on research by renowned experts in the field such as Marian Plezia and Tomasz Grudziński. They were trying to recapitulate and introduce order onto our knowledge of this crucial episode in our history, thoroughly analyzing all available written and iconographic sources as well as debris of potential oral traditions.
3
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Dwanaście kroków, czyli mirakl o świętym Stanisławie

72%
Ochocki Z.
Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
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2015
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vol. 1
21-30
EN
Jan Dlugosz in his almanacs speaks extensively about the miraculous coming back to life of Peter of Piotrawin [Piotr z Piotrawina]. This exceptional event was supposed to happen due to St. Stanislavus [święty Stanisław]. However, one specific term used by the chronicler makes one ponder and raise speculation, that the author, writing about the unusual episode in the life of the canonized bishop of Cracow, had recalled a miracle play he had experienced. That miracle play was probably the reconstruction of the resurrection of the aforementioned knight. It might have been prepared for variety’s sake during the celebrations commemorating the day the XIIIc. clergyman was acknowledged a Saint. The play might even have been presented at the Wawel Castle, which architecture allowed for such a staging at that time. The miracle play was lost in the track of time, although the following sketch is a hypothetical trial of its partial reconstruction.
PL
Jan Długosz w swoich Rocznikach... wypowiada się obszernie o cudownym przywróceniu życia Piotrowi z Piotrawina; do tego nadzwyczajnego zdarzenia miało rzekomo dojść za sprawą św. Stanisława. Niemniej jedno szczególne określenie użyte przez kronikarza zastanawia i budzi domysł, że autor, pisząc o tym niezwykłym epizodzie w żywocie kanonizowanego biskupa krakowskiego, przywoływał na pamięć osobiście oglądane widowisko miraklowe, będące prawdopodobnie właśnie rekonstrukcją wskrzeszenia rzeczonego rycerza. Mogło być ono urozmaiceniem uroczystości zorganizowanych w związku z obchodami dnia wyniesionego na ołtarze w XIII wieku duchownego; możliwe nawet, że wystawione na Wawelu – ówczesna architektura zamku umożliwiała tego typu inscenizację. Mirakl ten nie zachował się do czasów współczesnych, natomiast prezentowany szkic stanowi hipotetyczną próbę jego częściowego odtworzenia.
4
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Oczekiwania Kardynała Karola Wojtyły wobec duszpasterskiego synodu archidiecezji krakowskiej (1972-1979)

58%
Kummer P.
Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce
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2019
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vol. 132
337-361
PL
Metropolita krakowski kardynał Karol Wojtyła będąc aktywnym uczestnikiem Soboru Watykańskiego II i współtwórcą jego nauczania pragnął je przeszczepić na grunt Kościoła w Polsce, w szczególności na teren diecezji, w której był pasterzem. Jednym ze sposobów zrealizowania tego celu było zwołanie synodu duszpasterskiego, który trwając siedem lat (1972-1979) był szeroko rozumianą akcją duszpasterską, w której mogli uczestniczyć nie tylko duchowni, ale przede wszystkim osoby świeckie. Daty rozpoczęcia i zakończenia synodu odpowiadały rocznicom (900 lat) rozpoczęcia i męczeńskiego zakończenia posługi biskupiej w Krakowie przez św. Stanisława. Związanie synodu z jego postacią miało mu nadać nie tylko charakter studium, ale przede wszystkim świadectwa. Zgodnie z wolą autora synodu zostały powołane Synodalne Zespoły Studyjne, których zadaniem było rozpoznanie lokalnych sytuacji, formułowanie zaleceń i kreacja inicjatyw ewangelizacyjnych. Podczas prac synodalnych kardynał Wojtyła, nie narzucając swojego punktu widze-nia, starał się doprowadzić uczestników do odkrywania soborowego nauczania i jego praktycznego znaczenia. W istocie była to posoborowa metoda duszpasterska: pomoc w rozwoju, a nie zarządzanie. Na etapie przygotowywania dokumentów końcowych Synodu Zespoły Studyjne stały się środowiskami szerokiej konsultacji, albowiem do nich zwracała się Komisja Główna, scalająca w sobie pracę wszystkich komisji roboczych. Kardynał Wojtyła już jako Papież Jan Paweł II zakończył pracę synodu. W ten sposób spłacił dług uczestnictwa w obradach Soboru Watykańskiego II dzieląc się jego nauczaniem, poprzez synod, najpierw z Kościołem krakowskim, a następnie, przez wielki pontyfikat (1978-2005), z Kościołem powszechnym.
EN
Archbishop of Krakow, cardinal Karol Wojtyła, being an active partici-pant of the Second Vatican Council and co-creator of its teaching, desired to transfer it into Polish Church, especially into the area of Krakow Archdiocese where he was the Shepherd. One of the ways to achieve this goal was to call together the Pastoral Synod which lasted for seven years (1972-1979) and was widely understood pastoral action in which not only could participate priests but also lay people. Dates of the beginning and the end of the Synod corresponded with the inception and martyr’s end of Saint Stanislaus bishop’s ministry in Krakow. Connecting the Synod with him was to both give an individual form and a testimony. According to the will of the author of the Synod, synodal study groups were established to identify local situations, formu-late recommendations and create evangelization initiatives. During the process of synodal works, cardinal Karol Wojtyła tried to lead the participants to explore synodal teaching and its practical meaning, however without imposing his own point of view. In fact, it was post-synodal pastoral method: help in development without managing. At the final documents preparation stage, Synodal Groups become environments of wide consultation because the Main Commission, combining work of all working committees, addressed them. Cardinal Wojtyła, as Pope John II, finished the work of the Synod. This was the way he repaid the debt of participation in the deliberations of the Second Vatican Council by sharing its teaching though the Synod at first with the Church in Krakow, subsequently through the great pontificate with the Universal Church.
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