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1

Slaves for Hitler’s war. Polish forced labourers in Salzburg during World War II

100%

Dohle O.

UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

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2016

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issue 1

49-63

EN

Even at the beginning of the Second World War it had to be clear for the German military and economic leaders that it would not be possible to fight or even win a long-lasting war without foreign workers. In the Second World War not only POWs but also civilians and prisoners of concentration camps were forced to work as slaves to continue Hitler’s war. In Salzburg, there were no big camps with thousands of slave workers, as existed in other regions of Germany. Mainly the slave workers, who were forced to work for the big power plant projects (“Tauernkraftwerke Kaprun-Glockner”, “Kraftwerk Weißsee”), lived in such circumstances. The first Polish POWs arrived in the Province of Salzburg in autumn of 1939 only a few weeks after the German invasion of Poland. Most of them were not detained in camps. They lived on farms, and their living conditions were better than those for the inmates of camps. Like in the First World War, prisoners of war had to work on farms to replace those men who served in the German Wehrmacht or other military formations. As mentioned, no big industrial plants for the arms sector existed in the “Reichsgau Salzburg”. Foreign forced labourers, POWs and civil workers were deployed to relatively little factories or handicraft businesses. In many cases the situation for this group of slave workers was similar to those, who worked on farms. Already in autumn 1941, the works at the construction sites of the “Reichsautobahn” (highway) around the city of Salzburg had to be cancelled. At least from spring 1943 almost all building projects, which had no direct context to the “Totalen Krieg”, had to be stopped. The foreign labourers of all kind were transferred to projects essential to the war efforts. Especially buildings for the air raid protection hat to became priority. The living and working conditions for the foreign forced workers, POWs and civil labourers, were very inhomogeneous in the national socialist “Third Reich”. So it was in the “Reichsgau Salzburg” during the Second World War. It could have been horrible and deadly, but also almost acceptable according to the regulations of international law. One point has to be emphasized here, that all of these slave workers, deported against their will from their homelands, were forced to work in the enemy’s land to prolong a criminal war.

PL

W okresie II wojny światowej nie tylko jeńcy wojenni, ale także cywile oraz więźniowie obozów kon-centracyjnych byli zmuszani do pracy jako niewolnicy niezbędni do funkcjonowania machiny wojennej Hitle-ra. W Salzburgu nie było wielkich obozów pracy niewolniczej, jakie funkcjonowały w innych regionach Nie-miec, ale w obozach żyli robotnicy przymusowi pracujący przy budowie wielkich elektrowni wodnych w okolicach Kaprun i Uttendorf. Pierwsi polscy jeńcy wojenni przybyli do prowincji Salzburg jesienią 1939 roku kilka tygodni po niemieckiej inwazji na Polskę. Większość z nich nie trafiła do obozów. Żyli na farmach, a ich warunki życia były lepsze niż w przypadku więźniów obozów. Analogicznie jak w czasie I wojny światowej jeńcy wojenni musieli pracować na farmach, by zająć miejsce mężczyzn, którzy służyli w Wehrmachcie i pozo-stałych formacjach militarnych. W „Reichsgau Salzburg” nie było wielkich zakładów przemysłu zbrojeniowe-go. Zagraniczni przymusowi robotnicy byli rozdzielani pomiędzy relatywnie niewielkie przedsiębiorstwa oraz zakłady rzemieślnicze. W wielu przypadkach ich sytuacja była podobna do sytuacji tych, którzy pracowali na farmach. Warunki życia i pracy zagranicznych robotników przymusowych były w Trzeciej Rzeszy niejedno-rodne. Tak też było w Regionie Salzburga. Warunki te mogły być straszne i prowadzące do śmierci, ale mogły być również niemalże zgodne z regulacjami prawa międzynarodowego. Należy jednak podkreślić, że wszyscy ci przymusowi robotnicy, deportowani wbrew własnej woli z ich ojczyzn, byli zmuszani do pracy w kraju wroga na rzecz prowadzonej przez niego zbrodniczej wojny.

2

„VILIA MUNERA” KARYNCKIEGO ASESORA DLA ARCYBISKUPA SALZBURGA LEONHARDA VON KEUTSCHACHA (BK 2674)1

85%

Sosnowski M.

Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

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2020

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issue 37

9-36

EN

Th e holdings of the Kórnik Library include a small parchment manuscript produced in 1495/6 as a gift from an assessor in the Carinthian bishopric of Gurk, Georg Unterburger, a doctor of both laws, for the newly elected archbishop of Salzburg, Leonhard von Keutschach. Th e codex is relatively richly ornamented – with gilding – and comprises three short works by the donator: Laudatory oration for the Inauguration of the Pontifi cate [Oratio demonstrativa], A Treaty on Sacraments [Traktat o sakramentach] with a short prologue, and a Poem [Carmen] in praise of the new archbishop. With his gift , Unterburger – as he openly announces – wanted to establish a client-patron relationship with the new archbishop. Th e paper briefl y presents both these fi gures against the background of the history of the Salzburg archdiocese analyses the Oration as an example of late-Medieval humanist rhetoric and, on the basis of the subsequent history of the manuscript, refl ects on whether Unterburger managed to achieve his goal. Th e paper is accompanied by the annotated edition of Oration, prologue of the Treaty and the Poem.

3

„Vilia munera” karynckiego asesora dla arcybiskupa Salzburga Leonharda von Keutschacha (BK 2674)

85%

Sosnowski M.

Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

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2020

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vol. 37

9-36

EN

The holdings of the Kórnik Library include a small parchment manuscript produced in 1495/6 as a gift from an assessor in the Carinthian bishopric of Gurk, Georg Unterburger, a doctor of both laws, for the newly elected archbishop of Salzburg, Leonhard von Keutschach. The codex is relatively richly ornamented – with gilding – and comprises three short works by the donator: Laudatory oration for the Inauguration of the Pontifi cate [Oratio demonstrativa], A Treaty on Sacraments [Traktat o sakramentach] with a short prologue, and a Poem [Carmen] in praise of the new archbishop. With his gift , Unterburger – as he openly announces – wanted to establish a client-patron relationship with the new archbishop. The paper briefly presents both these figures against the background of the history of the Salzburg archdiocese analyses the Oration as an example of late-Medieval humanist rhetoric and, on the basis of the subsequent history of the manuscript, reflects on whether Unterburger managed to achieve his goal. The paper is accompanied by the annotated edition of Oration, prologue of the Treaty and the Poem.

4

Pastorační aktivity arcibiskupa Jakuba Arnošta z Lichtensteinu‑Castelcorna (1690–1747)

71%

Faltičko J.

Studia theologica

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2023

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vol. 2

99-127

EN

: The ecclesiastical dignitary Jakob Ernst von Lichtenstein‑Castelcorno (1690–1747) successively served as Bishop in Seckau, Styria (1728–1738) and Olomouc, Moravia (1738– 1745). He completed his career as Archbishop of Salzburg (1745–1747). He was very active in pastoral work, which was central to all his episcopal ministries, in all three positions. He was also willing to work in other dioceses when necessary. During his trip to the spa in Trenčianské Teplice (today’s Slovakia), he, for example, consecrated a church in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. As the resident Bishop, Ernst Jakob reserved for himself the conferring of all degrees of priestly ordination, the consecration of churches and the confirmation of the faithful. He ordained a total of 2,599 priests. He consecrated 70 churches and chapels. He consecrated 330 altars and confirmed 357,372 people. His contemporaries did similar things. Jakob Ernst sought to fulfill the ideas of the Council of Trent concerning the role of the Bishop as the “good shepherd” of his faithful.

5

Joseph Woelfl1 – życie i działalność artystyczna

71%

Bogula E.

Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

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2018

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issue 2(37)

27-61

EN

The present article constitutes an introduction to the artistic profile of Austrian composer and piano virtuoso Joseph Woelfl. This forgotten creative personality left an artistic legacy of instrumental music, stage works, numerous orchestral compositions, piano concertos, a concerto for piano and violin, and a chamber concerto. Beyond this, he wrote numerous other chamber works scored for various ensembles; but above all, he created an array of works for solo piano or two pianos, as well as piano pieces of pedagogical character. The artist was born on 24 December 1773 in Salzburg, where he began his musical education. In 1790, he left his hometown of Salzburg and, probably following in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s footsteps, set out for Vienna. He did not remain there long, however, because in 1791, he was accepted for service to Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński in Warsaw. The pianist-composer returned to Vienna probably ca 1795. He set out on his next conquest of European cities in 1799. This period of tours lasted until 1801. At this time he visited, among other cities, Prague, Leipzig, Berlin, Hamburg and Dresden. In 1801, he arrived in Paris, where he spent the next four years of his life. In 1805, he left the French capital and set out for London, where he remained until his death. He passed away on 21 May 1812. In his intensive artistic career, Joseph Woelfl devoted himself mainly to piano performance and composition; beyond this, he also engaged in ped¬agogical activity. His abundant artistic output is nearly forgotten today, so it is worthwhile to remind a broader audience of this distinguished figure.

6

Profesor gimnazjalny doktor Władysław Suchcitz – ze Lwowa do Poznania. Polonista, pedagog, nauczyciel: pół wieku w służbie polskiej szkoły średniej

71%

Suchcitz A.

Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy

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2022

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vol. LXV

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issue 1-2

140-151

EN

Aim: to present the didactic and teaching achievements of dr Władysław Suchcitz. Methods: an analysis of the available documentary sources as well as published materials. Results: the presentation of the first biographical study of dr Władysław Suchcitz, emphasising his varied achievements as a secondary school teacher of 50 years standing in Lwów, Salzburg and from 1921 in Poznań at the G. Berger Secondary School and the German F.Schiller Secondary School for the German minority. Conclusions: Władysław Suchcitz was a widely well regarded, strict but exemplary teacher and educator who had an important influence on his pupils.

7

Joseph Woelfl1—Life and Artistic Activity

71%

Bogula E.

Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

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2018

|

issue 2(37) Eng

27-62

EN

The present article constitutes an introduction to the artistic profile of Austrian composer and piano virtuoso Joseph Woelfl. This forgotten creative personality left an artistic legacy of instrumental music, stage works, numerous orchestral compositions, piano concertos, a concerto for piano and violin, and a chamber concerto. Beyond this, he wrote numerous other chamber works scored for various ensembles; but above all, he created an array of works for solo piano or two pianos, as well as piano pieces of pedagogical character. The artist was born on 24 December 1773 in Salzburg, where he began his musical education. In 1790, he left his hometown of Salzburg and, probably following in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s footsteps, set out for Vienna. He did not remain there long, however, because in 1791, he was accepted for service to Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński in Warsaw. The pianist-composer returned to Vienna probably ca 1795. He set out on his next conquest of European cities in 1799. This period of tours lasted until 1801. At this time he visited, among other cities, Prague, Leipzig, Berlin, Hamburg and Dresden. In 1801, he arrived in Paris, where he spent the next four years of his life. In 1805, he left the French capital and set out for London, where he remained until his death. He passed away on 21 May 1812. In his intensive artistic career, Joseph Woelfl devoted himself mainly to piano performance and composition; beyond this, he also engaged in pedagogical activity. His abundant artistic output is nearly forgotten today, so it is worthwhile to remind a broader audience of this distinguished figure.

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2 Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

2 Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

1 Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy

1 Studia theologica

1 UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

2 Bogula E.

2 Sosnowski M.

1 Dohle O.

1 Faltičko J.

1 Suchcitz A.

1 2023

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2 2020

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