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Conflicts over the Language of Additional Services in the Samogitian (Telšiai) Diocese: Scale and Chronology

100%

Katilius A.

Studia Ełckie

2025

vol. 27

issue 2

163-184

This article focuses on the conflicts over the language of additional services in the Samogitian (Telšiai) Diocese. The problem is discussed according to its scale and chronology. The causes of the conflicts were not homogeneous, and their occurrences depended on the situation in each individual parish. As their national consciousness grew, Lithuanian parishioners became more and more aware of the abnormal situation of the additional services and church-singing being held in Polish, although the majority of the parishioners were Lithuanian speakers. Polish parishioners, especially the nobility and landowners, demanded the Gospel be read and sermons be preached in Polish. As regards the course of conflicts and conflict situations, it should be noted that no bloody clashes between parishioners in churches have occurred or could be detected in the Samogitian (Telšiai) diocese, although there had been some threats of rebellions or bloodshed. Most often, both Lithuanian and Polish parishioners addressed their complaints and appeals or sent their delegates to the bishop in Kaunas. People also resorted to more violent forms of protest: the singing of hymns in Lithuanian would be interrupted by the Poles singing in Polish. Conflicts and conflict situations occurred in fourteen Lithuanian deaneries. Most of unrest took place in the parishes and filial churches of Kaunas and Krakiai deaneries. There were eight conflicts in the former and six in the latter. In the second half of the nineteenth century, there were fewer conflicts and conflict situations. Due to the divergence of Lithuanian and Polish nationalist interests, in the early twentieth century conflicts spread to an increasing number of parishes. When resolving conflicts and conflict situations over the language of the additional services, the diocesan hierarchy tried to take into account the wishes of the parishioners, whether they were Lithuanians or Poles. Lithuanian church-singing and other additional services were introduced where necessary, and the reading of the Gospel and sermons were also introduced where the Poles asked for that.

Apie konfliktus dėl škaplierių, seseris Žilytes ir kitokią pasauliečių struktūrų Bažnyčioje raišką po 1863–1864 m. sukilimo Vilniaus ir Žemaičių (Telšių) vyskupijose

72%

Žaltauskaitė V.

Lietuvos istorijos metraštis

2024

issue 2

59-76

The article analyses how the social structures of the laity, established and managed by the Church, expressed themselves in the context of the sanctions imposed on the Catholic Church by the secular authorities after the uprising of 1863–1864. The structures studied are lay associations: church fraternities (whose members were both men and women) and the so-called tertiaries, i.e., the members of Third Orders of monastic orders (in the nineteenth century, they were primarily associated with the name of St Francis). These structures contributed to the formation of the religious identity of the community and society, which was significant for the nationalisms of the second half of the nineteenth century (in the above-mentioned dioceses, Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, and Russian nationalisms manifested themselves). The religious and social life organised by laity associations also had a mobilising effect on the community.

Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip po 1863–1864 m. sukilimo Katalikų Bažnyčiai pasaulietinės valdžios taikytų sankcijų kontekste reiškėsi pasauliečių socialinės struktūros, kurias steigė ir kurioms vadovavo Bažnyčia. Tiriamos struktūros – pasauliečių asociacijos – bažnytinės brolijos (jų nariai buvo ir vyrai, ir moterys), taip pat vienuolijų tretieji ordinai – vadinamieji tretininkai (jie XIX a. pirmiausia sieti su Šv. Pranciškaus vardu). Šios struktūros prisidėjo formuojant bendruomenės ir visuomenės religinę tapatybę, kuri buvo reikšminga XIX a. antrosios pusės nacionalizmams (minėtose vyskupijose reiškėsi lenkų, lietuvių, baltarusių, rusų nacionalizmai). Pasauliečių asociacijų organizuotas religinis, socialinis gyvenimas turėjo ir bendruomenę mobilizuojantį poveikį.

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1 Lietuvos istorijos metraštis

1 Studia Ełckie

1 Katilius A.

1 Žaltauskaitė V.

1 2025

1 2024

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Conflicts over the Language of Additional Services in the Samogitian (Telšiai) Diocese: Scale and Chronology

Apie konfliktus dėl škaplierių, seseris Žilytes ir kitokią pasauliečių struktūrų Bažnyčioje raišką po 1863–1864 m. sukilimo Vilniaus ir Žemaičių (Telšių) vyskupijose