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EN
The article discusses a helmet found in 1968 in a mountainous village of Yarysh-Mardy situated on the river Argun in the north-eastern Caucasus. The helmet was often associated with the Golden Horde period, which according to the author seems highly unlikely. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis, the author puts forward a thesis of dating the object to either the late-Sasanid or early-Islamic period, i.e. to late 6th - beginning of 8th c. AD. Specifically, it is suggested that the appearance of the helmet in the Caucasus may be attributed to the time of Byzantine-Sasanid conflicts taking place at the turn of 6th and 7th c. AD. Additionally, the article argues that in the late Sasanid period a new sub-type of helmets came into existence, namely the ones with straight spangs and ones with spiky rivets. Furthermore, it is proposed that the Yarysh-Mardy helmet bears certain correspondences to similar finds from Groningen and Bremen.
EN
Relations between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Iran in the 5th century were largely the result of settling disputes and cooperation in the face of the threat that resulted from the aggressive moves of the nomad community. A great influence on the internal policy, and later also external, of Sasanian Iran was exerted by nomads from Central Asia and especially the Hephthalites described in this text, whose influence on the Sassanids finally led to the reorientation of their foreign policy to the west, which resulted in the outbreak of a new great war in the Middle East.
PL
Relacje między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Iranem Sasanidów w V wieku były w dużej mierze wypadkową uregulowania spraw spornych i współpracy wobec zagrożenia, które wynikało z posunięć agresywnych społeczności nomadów. Wielki wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną, a później również zewnętrzną, Iranu Sasanidów mieli koczownicy z terenów Azji Środkowej, a szczególnie opisywani w niniejszym tekście Heftalici, których oddziaływanie na Sasanidów doprowadziło finalnie do przeorientowania się sasanidzkiej polityki zagranicznej na zachód, co zaowocowało wybuchem nowej wielkiej wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie.
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