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European Polygraph
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 3
133-158
EN
The assessment of physiological parameters of the innocent subjects in the SPOT in the presented cases has its limits, while a comparison of these parameters with the charts of the perpetrators causes doubts as to the methodological soundness (lack of a sufficient number of cases). There are as many as four reasons hindering the assessment. First of all, the number of presented charts of the innocent subjects is small; they are practically isolated cases and with tests featuring mainly names (given names, pseudonyms). Secondly, I did not repeat the SPOT if it did not cause any reaction and at the same time the preliminary assessment of the CQT charts was positive for the subjects. Th is makes it impossible to compare physiological parameters of the subject in at least two SPOT charts in order to assess the evolution of the emotional activation. The parameters recorded during a SPOT were compared with the fi rst CQT chart, but this article does not present them. Another problem results from the fact that the category of the ‘innocent’ includes the charts of two subjects (the witness of the behaviour of the possible perpetrator after the murder and the instigator of a murder). I included them in the groups of the ‘innocent’ only because the version before the examination assumed that they were the murderers, while their reactions to the control questions in the CQT were greater than those to the fundamental relevant question (‘Did you do it?’). As I mentioned above, physiological parameters of the two men in the consecutive CQT charts hinted at intensifi cation of emotions and the subjects themselves also displayed external manifestations of emotions. In principle, their charts should be presented in the group of ‘the perpetrators’. Although the manifestations of emotions were distinct, their assessment was subjective – and it cannot be verifi ed. Both subjects interfered with the examination: one refused to have his blood pressure and pulse recorded and the other interrupted the examination. This behaviour is typical for ‘the perpetrators’. Both subjects were involved in the cases, but not in the way the investigators had originally assumed. Let me add here that this is my opinion and it has not been backed by legal decisions. Physiological parameters of the innocent subjects presented in the SPOT charts can only be assessed visually, because the Lafayette polygraphs which I used did not record them digitally. A visual assessment is not precise and to great extent subjective. Only one parameter – the pulse rate – lends itself to digital assessment, but with the reservations mentioned above.
EN
Liberalization on the electricity market in Poland is related to the possibility of free choice of electricity supplier. On a liberalized market, suppliers have to compete to gain new customers and retain the old ones. The suppliers have to satisfy the customers’ needs − which are more and more complex − and customize their approach. Therefore, negotiations of electricity sale conditions become an usual practice. The purpose of this study is to propose a way of supporting the negotiation process of electricity sale conditions between a supplier and a customer. To solve this problem, the scoring method has been used.
EN
A clue for the research have become analysis made by A. Feruś in 2006, In which the author points the possibility of extending classical scoring models with the DEA method, allowing to predict a credit risk. In 2006, in the era of the Basel II implementation, the possibility of such an extension was not reflected in the practice of banks in Poland. But now, as a part of the Basel III implementation, it is reasonable to consider the possibility of their expantion, for example using the DEA . The study was carried out on the basis of 139 companies operating in Poland in 2010-2011 data and a comparison with their actual condition in 2012. Survey results both for 2010 and 2011 indicate a weaker prediction of the scoring models alone than scoring models with DEA In terms of: correct customers classification and the value of a R2 determination factor.
EN
The phenomenon of private loans, in line with the financial seekers seeking financial help, is often criminal activity based on obligatory debtors’ positions. The disproportionate benefit imposed on borrowers related to their involuntary position is theoretically their choice, and in practice often the only way to meet basic needs. The research goal of the work is a criminological analysis of the phenomenon of usury, which will certainly allow a deeper understanding of the causes of this prohibited act and the grounds that become arguments for criminal activity. Practical evaluation of the possibility of using art. 304 kk will allow you to answer the question about the effectiveness of this regulation. It is also worth considering the thesis: is there a possibility of amending the provision allowing to increase its function entrusted to it in the Penal Code? Demands of de lege ferenda, this is a reflection on the possibility of sealing the legal system, allowing us to fight the crime of usury more efficiently
PL
Problem z płynnością finansową osób fizycznych, jak i podmiotów zbiorowych powoduje poszukiwanie środków na spłatę swojego zadłużenia na każdy z możliwych sposobów. Rynkowe ograniczenia w zakresie udzielania pożyczek i kredytów narzucone przez głównych graczy sprawiają, że nie wszyscy mogą skorzystać z przejrzystej oferty banków i instytucji kredytowych, uwarunkowanej nie tylko ustawowymi regulacjami, ale również nadzorem nad transparentnością rynku finansowego, sprawowanym przez Komisję Nadzoru Finansowego (KNF). Zjawisko prywatnych pożyczek wpisujących się w potrzeby poszukujących ratunku finansowego pożyczkobiorców to niejednokrotnie działalność przestępcza, bazująca na przymusowym położeniu dłużników. Niewspółmierne świadczenie nakładane na pożyczkobiorców, związane z ich przymusowym położeniem to teoretycznie swobodny wybór, a w praktyce często jedyna droga do zaspokojenia podstawowych potrzeb. Celem badawczym pracy jest kryminologiczna analiza zjawiska lichwy, która z pewnością pozwoli na głębsze zrozumienie przyczyn występowania tego czynu zabronionego oraz podstaw, jakie stają się argumentacją dla przestępczego działania. Ocena możliwości wykorzystania art. 304 kk pozwoli odpowiedzieć na pytanie dotyczące skuteczności tej regulacji. Warto również pochylić się nad tezą: czy istnieje możliwość nowelizacji przepisu, która pozwalałaby na lepsze spełnianie przez niego funkcji określonej w Kodeksie karnym? Badania diagnostyczne zostały przeprowadzone w oparciu o dane statystyczne Policji oraz opublikowane raporty Instytutu Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości. Zasadniczo wykorzystano metodę formalno-dogmatyczną oraz analizę i syntezę.
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