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1

Wędzidło z Browiny, pow. toruński. Kolejny na ziemiach polskich ślad wschodniego oporządzenia jeździeckiego z wczesnej epoki żelaza

100%

Gackowski J., Garbacz-Klempka A.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2020

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vol. Tom XXIX

s. 39-56

EN

The presented fragment of a metal horse bit was accidentally discovered during agricultural works carried out in Browina, Toruń district. Currently, it is impossible to associate this find with a specific archaeological site, but it can be assumed that this object (as a complete one) appeared in the early Iron Age in the local environment of the Lusatian culture, in the so-called ‘Grzywna’ microregion, one of a dozen or so, which together form the settlement space of the ‘Chełmża and Kamionki trough’ mesoregion. The discovered artefact should be associated with type of the so-called common horse bit, singly bent, originally consisting of two almost identical elements (slightly arched shafts) intertwined with smaller holes (loop links). The aforementioned horse bit rings were connected with the rest of the bridle. Only two similar metal horse bits are known from the territory of Poland. One, completely preserved, comes from the defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture in Gzin, Bydgoszcz district, while the second one, similarly incomplete as the specimen from Browina, was accidentally found in Gródek, Hrubieszów district. All three, due to the contexts of their occurrence and the available analogies, are associated with the steppe or forest steppe production of eastern European environments. The analysis of the chemical composition shows that the Browina horse bit is made of brass, i.e. copper alloy with a clear, intentional admixture of zinc. In the local cultural and settlement environment, a similar material was found in the zoomorphic pommel of a Scythian dagger (acinaces) from Płonczynek, Lipno district. The formal resemblance of the latter to a specimen found long ago in Bodzanowo, Radziejów district is clear. Based on the assessment of the zoomorphic style of these two items, their west Siberian origin is assumed. However, bearing in mind the noticeable presence in the Bydgoszcz-Toruń bend of the Vistula River (in Kuyavia and Chełmno-Dobrzyń Lake District) of various artefacts of similar, eastern provenance (bronze and iron militaria and jewellery, but also pottery), some of these product categories can be currently considered as products which could have been produced locally (apart from pottery, also some groups of bronze objects, e.g. trilobe arrowheads). Therefore, it is justified to further explore the problem of assessing the scope of adaptation of cultural patterns, alien to the ‘Lusatian’ environment in the early Iron Age. To date, as a rule, there has been a tendency to interpret these finds as traces of military actions of Scythian groups penetrating the area of southern Poland and reaching the aforementioned bend of the Vistula River. The complexity of the problem is therefore large, and it undoubtedly requires further archaeological and archaeometallurgical research. Nevertheless, it may be much better exposed in the near future, because after publication of the expected results of the prospection conducted within the so-called Chotyniec agglomeration, it will be possible to gain access to new source data, showing the scope and direction of the transmission of eastern cultural patterns.

2

Heritage of Proto-Aryan ancestors and noble warriors in Central Europe

80%

Cynarski W. J.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2018

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vol. 18

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issue 4

11-24

EN

Problem. The problem of the origins of the Poles and other peoples of Central and Eastern Europe has lead to great scientific and social interest given the genetic discoveries of recent years, which have shown these issues in a new light. These problems are being simultaneously considered by archaeologists and historians, linguists and ethnologists, and anthropologists and interdisciplinary researchers. Method. The comparative and deductive methods were used, along with an analysis of the broader discourse (both scientific and popular), from the perspective of the sociology of science; hence source texts and mass culture-related texts are listed among the sources. Results. The term “Aryo-Slavic languages” seems more appropriate than “Indo-European”, especially for peoples with the advantage of hg R1a Y-DNA. The similarity of the chronicles and their symbolism is another factor that testifies to their cultural closeness and its accompanying biological (genetic) proximity. There is a series of questions and hypothesis. Conclusions. The affinity of languages, the Polish noble coats of arms and Sarmatian signs, and anthropometric data of Aryans and Poles, especially genetics (Y-DNA, mt DNA) indicate that the holders of hg R1a1 (and derivatives) described in the paper originate from the same trunk.

PL

Problem. Problem pochodzenia Polaków oraz innych ludów Europy środkowej i wschodniej spotyka się z dużym zainteresowaniem naukowym i społecznym w sytuacji, gdy odkrycia genetyczne ostatnich lat ukazują te zagadnienia w nowym świetle. Problemy te są badane równolegle przez archeologów i historyków, językoznawców i etnologów, antropologów i badaczy interdyscyplinarnych. Metoda. Zastosowano metodę porównawczą i dedukcyjną, a także analizę szerokiego dyskursu, zarówno naukowego, jak i popularnego (z perspektywy socjologii nauki), stąd wśród źródeł zestawiono teksty źródłowe i z obszaru kultury masowej. Wyniki. Określenie „języki ario-słowiańskie” wydaje się bardziej odpowiednie, niż „indo-europejskie”, zwłaszcza dla ludów z przewagą gałęzi hg R1a Y-DNA. Podobieństwo kronik i symboliki jest kolejnym faktem świadczącym o kulturowej bliskości, towarzyszącej bliskości biologicznej (genetycznej). Postawiono serię pytań i hipotez. Wnioski. Pokrewieństwo języków, polskich herbów szlacheckich i znaków sarmackich, dane antropometryczne Ariów i Polaków, a zwłaszcza genetyka (Y-DNA, mt DNA) wskazują, że wskazani posiadacze hg R1a1 (i pochodnych) wyrastają z tego samego pnia.

3

Znalezisko olbijskiego „asa” w Ostroladowiczach na Białorusi

80%

Bodzek J., Kisza W.

Opuscula Musealia

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2020

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vol. 27

7-22

EN

A cast bronze coin belonging to the 2nd series of the Olbian “asses,” dated to the second half of the 5th century BC, is included in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum. The coin was probably added to the university collection in 1871, as a gift of Baron Edward Rastawiecki (1805–1874) for the archaeological unit. According to the donor, the “as” was found during the excavation of a barrow in the village of Ostrohladovich in Minsk province – currently Astrahlady/Astrahliady/Ostrogliade (Belarusian Астрагля́ды, Russian Острогляды) in Belarus in the Gomel region, in the Brahin district. In the first millennium BC this area was occupied by the Miłograd culture. Finds of coins produced in Olbia, in particular the Olbian “asses,” have not been recorded outside the Black Sea region until recently. In recent years, however, finds of early Olbian coins (known as “dolphins” and “asses”) have been recorded in the forest-steppe zone. These new discoveries give credence to the finding of the “as” from Ostrohladovich. The coin arrived in the area of the Miłograd culture probably via the Scythians.

4

“Daremnie próbuje się wybielić Etiopa” – postrzeganie i polityka Bizancjum wobec koczowników stepów czarnomorskich (X-XII w.)

80%

Paroń A.

Vox Patrum

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2020

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vol. 75

375-414

EN

The problem of relations with the nomadic peoples of the Black Sea steppes is one of the most important issues in Byzantine history. The medieval Greek-speaking Romans inherited this undisputed trouble from their ancient ancestors and had to deal with it until the end of the Empire. It is usually assumed that the long experience of contacts with steppe-dwellers meant that the Byzantine political elite gained a deep and multi-faceted knowledge of them. This study is an attempt at rethinking the communis opinio according to which precise and updated data had to be used by the Constantinopolitan diplomacy in relations with the nomadic partners. What I aim to prove, based on the material of written sources from between the 10th and 12th centuries, is that such opinions appear to have been scholarly superstitions.

PL

Problem relacji z ludami koczowniczymi stepów czarnomorskich należy do najważniejszych zagadnień historii Bizancjum. Średniowieczni greckojęzyczni Rzymianie odziedziczyli ten niewątpliwy kłopot po swych antycznych przodkach i musieli borykać się z nim po kres istnienia imperium. Przyjmuje się zwykle, że długie doświadczenie kontaktów ze stepowcami sprawiło, że bizantyńska elita polityczna pozyskała głęboką i wieloaspektową wiedzą na ich temat. Celem niniejszego stadium jest ponowne przemyślenie communis opinio, według której precyzyjne i zaktualizowane dane miały być wykorzystywane przez dyplomację konstantynopolitańską w relacjach z koczowniczymi partnerami. W oparciu o materiał źródeł pisanych z X-XII wieku zamierzam dowieść, że tego rodzaju poglądy wydają się naukowymi przesądami.

5

Rozważania o praojczyźnie Słowian

71%

Jasiński T.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2020

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issue 2 (25)

11-90

EN

The Slavs’ homeland was in the Black Sea forest steppe. The Slavs neighboured the Iranian peoples from the south and the Balts from the north. The characteristic features of the Slavs’ culture, mainly material culture, were shaped in the third and fourth centuries AD, when the dominance of the Sarmatians over the Slavs ended as a consequence when the Goths ravaged the coasts of the Black See.

Refine search results

1 Historia Slavorum Occidentis

1 Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

1 Opuscula Musealia

1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Vox Patrum

1 Bodzek J.

1 Cynarski W. J.

1 Gackowski J.

1 Garbacz-Klempka A.

1 Jasiński T.

1 Kisza W.

1 Paroń A.

4 2020

1 2018

Wędzidło z Browiny, pow. toruński. Kolejny na ziemiach polskich ślad wschodniego oporządzenia jeździeckiego z wczesnej epoki żelaza

Heritage of Proto-Aryan ancestors and noble warriors in Central Europe

Znalezisko olbijskiego „asa” w Ostroladowiczach na Białorusi

“Daremnie próbuje się wybielić Etiopa” – postrzeganie i polityka Bizancjum wobec koczowników stepów czarnomorskich (X-XII w.)

Rozważania o praojczyźnie Słowian