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Lithuanian Activities of the Students of Seinai Theological Seminary

100%

Katilius A.

Studia Ełckie

2021

vol. 23

issue 2

189-205

From 1826 to 1903, about 80% of the students of Seinai Theological Seminary were ethnic Lithuanians, and Lithuanian was their or their parents’ native language. The question about Lithuanian activities of the Lithuanian students at the seminary is therefore well founded. During first decades of its existence, national consciousness of the Lithuanians was not relevant. For performing pastoral work in Lithuanian parishes, the Lithuanian brought from parental home was sufficient. Using the Lithuanian language at Seinai Theological Seminary was stimulated by the reforms of Bishop K. I. Łubieński and encouragement of Professor Stanisław Jamiołkowski. First of all, the use of Lithuanian manifested itself through the singing of Lithuanian folk songs. Singing Lithuanian songs stressed the ethnic difference between the Lithuanian and Polish students of the seminary. Officially, the Lithuanian language was not taught at the seminary until 1904. For this reason, Lithuanian students started learning Lithuanian secretly: they realised they would need it in their pastoral work. Seminary students spoke Lithuanian among themselves, thus demonstrating their national awareness, but they also learned Polish at the seminary. The students’ Lithuanian activities should be viewed in the context of Lithuanian nationalism. National revival was raising specific requirements to the Church and it was important that the seminary trained future clergymen to meet the demands of the public. The students engaged in Lithuanian activities through participation in a secret association of future Lithuanian priests. One of the forms of its activities was distribution of the banned Lithuanian press. The students not only distributed banned literature but also contributed to its printing and publishing: they produced hand-written newspapers in the seminary and wrote articles, first for illegal publications and later, after the ban on the Lithuanian press was lifted, for legally published periodicals.

Justinas Staugaitis – Bishop and Politician

72%

Katilius A.

Studia Ełckie

2023

vol. 25

issue 4

471-482

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie trzech ważnych etapów życia i pracy biskupa Justinasa Staugaitisa: 1) edukacji, 2) działalności duszpasterskiej, społecznej, kulturalnej i politycznej, 3) sprawowania urzędu biskupa diecezji Telšiai. Bp Staugaitis był uczniem Gimnazjum w Mariampolu i Seminarium Teologicznego w Sejnach, w którym brał udział w tajnej działalności seminarzystów litewskich i kształtował w sobie silne postawy narodowe. Najważniejszym wkładem, jaki wniósł w litewską kulturę i edukację było założenie Towarzystwa Dobroczynno-Oświatowego „Žiburys”, które działało w ówczesnym województwie suwalskim i przyczyniało się do podniesienia poziomu kultury społeczeństwa. Redagował także czasopismo „Vadovas” adresowane do księży. Podczas I wojny światowej bp Staugaitis zaangażował się w życie polityczne Litwy i został wybrany na członka Rady Litewskiej. Wtedy też podpisał Akt Niepodległości Litwy. Został wybrany do Litewskiego Zgromadzenia Ustawodawczego (Sejmu) pierwszej i drugiej kadencji, w którym pełnił funkcję przewodniczącego. Po utworzeniu Prowincji Kościelnej Litwy J. Staugaitis został mianowany biskupem ordynariuszem diecezji Telšiai.

The aim of the article is to present three important stages of the life and work of Bishop Justinas Staugaitis: 1) education, 2) pastoral, social, cultural and political activity, 3) holding the office of bishop of the Telšiai diocese. Bishop Staugaitis was a student of the Junior High School in Marijampolė and the Theological Seminary in Sejny, where he took part in the secret activities of Lithuanian seminarians and developed strong national attitudes. The most important contribution he made to Lithuanian culture and education was the founding of the “Žiburys” Benevolent and Educational Society, which operated in the then Suwałki Voivodeship and contributed to raising the level of culture in society. He also edited the magazine “Vadovas” addressed to priests. During World War I, Bishop Staugaitis became involved in the political life of Lithuania and was elected a member of the Lithuanian Council. It was then that he signed the Act of Independence of Lithuania. He was elected to the Lithuanian Constituent Assembly of the first and second terms, in which he served as chairman. After the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Province of Lithuania, J. Staugaitis was appointed ordinary bishop of the Telšiai diocese.

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Lithuanian Activities of the Students of Seinai Theological Seminary

Justinas Staugaitis – Bishop and Politician