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“Food for Peace”: the vegan religion of the Hebrews of Jerusalem

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Elkayam S.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2014

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vol. 26

317-340

EN

A debate over the morality of Kosher slaughter [Shechita (Hebrew: שחיטה)] has raged in Poland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Denmark, where the Jewish ritual slaughter was outlawed. The more the debate goes on, the more awareness arises to Shechita as a basic Jewish religious practice. Yet veganism is a Hebrew religious operation too. This article discusses Hebrew vegan belief in terms meaningful to Jews, yet considering its utopian nature, in terms applicable to others as well. Both Shechita and veganism have universal Hebrew claims. Yet both claims are to be studied. Within this vast theme, I will analyze here veganism only, with respect to its utopian role and as a theological structure of one, yet global, community: the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem. They believe themselves to be the descendants of Judah, the fourth son of Jacob Israel. They are Jewish by their cultural nature: they observe Shabbat, Torah and a weekly fast. In 70 A.D. after the Romans destroyed the second temple they escaped and fled southward and westward to various nations in Africa two millennia ago where they were sold as slaves and were enslaved in America. They left America in 1967 led by their spiritual leader Ben Ammi, defined their departure as an exodus from America. Via Liberia – where they became vegans – they arrived in Israel in 1969, established an urban kibbutz, a collective communal living which is located in a desert region. Like most Jews, their diet has tremendous importance, but unlike most Jews they are vegan. The African Hebrews have very specific vegan dietary practices. Their tradition includes teaching and studying a special diet, which is vegetarian, organic and self-produced. They observe Shabbat strictly. On Shabbat, they fast and cleanse. This mirrors their spiritual outlook that eating is a hard labor of which they are obliged to rest from by the Ten Commandments. This article presents a breakthrough idea that fasting on Shabbat indeed reflects an ancient Israelite religious tradition. “Food for Peace” s a metaphor for the theology of the Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem unfolding their messianic utopia through which they believe people may achieve inner peace and even world peace, encompassing decades of powerful hopes, realities and nutritious lifestyle.

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Świętowanie niedzieli znakiem rozpoznawczym chrześcijan w perspektywie biblijnej teologii szabatu

67%

Szamocki G.

Studia Gdańskie

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2016

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issue 38

51-63

PL

Niedziela jest cotygodniowym świętem chrześcijan dla wspominania i celebracji zmartwychwstania Jezusa Chrystusa. Jako dzień wolny od pracy stanowi okazję do odpoczynku, spotkań rodzinnych i zgromadzeń liturgicznych. Celem niedzieli jest przede wszystkim ożywianie i umacnianie opartej na wierze relacji z Bogiem i przenikanie nią codziennego życia. Chrześcijańskie świętowanie niedzieli bazuje na starotestamentowej teologii szabatu w interpretacji Jezusa. W myśl tej nauki niedziela urzeczywistnia szabat, wyrażając jego pełnię w perspektywie historii zbawienia zwieńczonej przez Jezusa Chrystusa i Jego dzieło. Jako taka niedziela jest dniem Boga i dniem dla człowieka. W tym dniu człowiek otwiera się na Boga i Jego działanie oraz na innych ludzi i ich potrzeby. Bóg dopełnia i błogosławi wówczas ludzkie dzieła. W niedzielę człowiek ma możliwość odpoczynku i radowania się z owoców swojej pracy oraz wyrażenia wiary, że wszystko kim jest i co ma, zawdzięcza Bogu.

EN

Sunday is the weekly feast of Christians, in which the resurrection of Jesus Christ is remembered and celebrated. As a holiday, it is an opportunity for rest, family gatherings and liturgical assemblies. The aim of Sunday is primarily to enliven and strengthen a relationship with God based on faith and to help that relationship to penetrate into everyday life. Christian celebration of Sunday is based on the Old Testament theology of the Sabbath as interpreted by Jesus. According to this teaching, Sunday fulils the Sabbath, expressing its fullness in the perspective of salvation history, crowned by Jesus Christ and His work. As such, Sunday is both God’s day and man’s, a day on which human beings open themselves to God and His work, and to other people and their needs. God completes and blesses human work. On Sunday, Christians have the opportunity torest and rejoice in the fruits of their work and to express their faith that all of who they are and what they have, they owe to God.

3

Liturgia powitania szabatu a relacje rodzinne

67%

Rucki M.

Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny

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2018

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vol. 71

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issue 2

EN

This article contains an analysis of typical liturgical texts for the welcoming of Shabbat with regards to their impact on relationships in the family. It deals with specific acts and words in the order in which they appeared in a typical prayer book: the lighting of candles and the appropriate blessings; the welcoming of the angels; the Kiddush; the meal and the singing of songs. All these elements contain factors that are conducive to the strengthening of family ties. Furthermore, celebrating the liturgy emphasizes the communal experience of God throughout the generations and at a given time as well as the dependence of the lives of people on God’s work.

PL

Artykuł zawiera analizę typowych tekstów liturgii powitania szabatu pod kątem ich wpływu na relacje w rodzinie. Omówione zostały poszczególne czynności i wypowiadane słowa, w kolejności ich występowania w typowym modlitewniku: zapalanie świec i odpowiednie błogosławieństwa, powitanie aniołów, kidusz, posiłek i pieśni. Wszystkie te elementy zawierają czynniki, które sprzyjają umocnieniu więzi rodzinnych. Oprócz tego odprawiana liturgia podkreśla wspólnotowe doświadczenie Boga na przestrzeni pokoleń i w danym czasie oraz zależność życia ludzi od działania Boga.

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1 IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

1 Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny

1 Studia Gdańskie

1 Elkayam S.

1 Rucki M.

1 Szamocki G.

1 2018

1 2016

1 2014

“Food for Peace”: the vegan religion of the Hebrews of Jerusalem

Świętowanie niedzieli znakiem rozpoznawczym chrześcijan w perspektywie biblijnej teologii szabatu

Liturgia powitania szabatu a relacje rodzinne